59 
species causes far greater pain than that of any other fly." Writing 
in the' Entomologist's Monthly Magazine,' Vol. II. (1865 ), pp. 142, 143, 
Mr. T. J. Bold gives instances of extraordinary virulence of the bite 
of S. calcitrans in the case of cattle and horses at Long Benton, 
Northumberland, in September, 1865. At one time a veterinary 
surgeon had fourteen cows under treatment for the bites. " The 
animals were generally bitten on the outside of the legs, on the 
shoulders, and, in rare cases, on the neck. In some of the severe 
cases the joints were so much swollen that the poor animals could 
not bend their legs to lie down, and in them the inflammation rose 
so high as to cause the loss of the outer skin and hair." The bites 
of the flies had no effect upon the hands of the veterinary surgeon 
attending the cows. 
The geographical range of Stomoxys calcitrans has not yet been 
fully elucidated, but it is undoubtedly very wide. The species is 
generally distributed in Europe, and also occurs in North America, 
where it is said to be very common throughout the inhabited parts. 
A race of it is found in the Gambia Colony, West Africa, and it has 
also been recorded as occurring in Hong Kong, Batavia (Java), 
Ceylon, and Sydney (New South Wales). A specimen from the 
Naini Tal District, in Northern India, is indistinguishable from 
British examples. 
• Genus 
H/EMATOBIA, Robineau-Desvoidy. 
Haematobia stimulans, Mg. 
Plate 30, Fig. r. 
In habits, time of occurrence, and extent of distribution in the 
British Islands this species agrees with the foregoing. In point of 
size H. stimulans occupies a position intermediate between Stomoxys 
calcitrans and the following species. The head in both sexes is 
very much smaller than in ^. calcitrans, and the eyes in the male are 
