Nerves to the SMn of the Frog, 
27 
into the ganglion in connection with, the posterior root^ while 
others pass into both the roots. Whether that portion of 
fibres which appear to pass into the ganglion enter or not 
into any organic connection with its cells^ it has not yet been 
ascertained. As to the other bundle,, Beckys observations 
show that it passes through the sympathetic ganglion^ its fibres 
spread out without being connected with the ganglion-cells, 
and afterwards they proceed in company with those of the 
sympathetic, principally to the visceral organs. According to 
the observations of Bidder and Volkmann, in the frog the 
greater part of the fibres of the so-called rami communicantes 
pass with the spinal nerves towards the periphery. As for 
myself, I believe that some of the fibres composing the gray 
bundle of the rami communicantes really pass to the periphery, 
but others very probably connect the sympathetic ganglia with 
those on the posterior roots of the spinal nerves. 
As with the spinal nerves, so there exists a similar connec- 
tion between the ganglia of the sympathetic and the cerebral 
nerves. This connection is effected by branches or filaments, 
which very likely are composed of gray and dark-bordered 
fibres, the former passing from the ganglion to the nerve, and 
the latter from the nerve to the ganglion. As shown by 
anatomy, the superior cervical ganglion is connected with the 
sixth nerve by two branches which spring from the ptccvus 
carotideuSj and by one or two filaments with the third nerve. 
Some other connections are also found between the same 
ganglion and the various portions of the eighth and ninth 
nerves at their issue from the cranium. The ophthalmic 
ganglion is connected with the third nerve by a thick and short 
nerve branch, and with the nasal branch of the ophthalmic 
division of the fifth by a long nervous filament. The spheno- 
palatine ganglion is joined with the infra-orbital nerve by two 
or three short nerves, and with the inferior maxillary branch 
by two nervous filaments. The sub-maxillary ganglion is 
united with the gustatory nerve by one or two fibres. It is 
probable that all the gray fibres of these connecting branches 
pass to the periphery, accompanying the cerebral nerves in 
their terminal distribution. 
The view which has been received with regard to the 
anatomical connection of the sympathetic with the cerebro- 
spinal nerves was put forth by Mr. Beck, with whom I agree 
in holding the sympathetic system as a distinct portion of the 
nervous system, at least as far as concerns the peculiar nerve- 
fibres originating in its own cells, which are undoubtedly phy- 
siologically distinct from other nerve- cells, in consequence of 
being endowed with special vital power, true it is that some 
