32 
ANTHROPOLOGY: A. HRDLICKA 
BRIEF NOTES ON RECENT ANTHROPOLOGICAL EXPLORA- 
TIONS UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE SMITHSONIAN 
INSTITUTION AND THE U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 
By Ale^ Hrdli^ka 
DIVISION OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 
Received by the Academy, November 22, 1915 
In the April and July (1915) numbers of these Proceedings I have 
given notes on 'Some Recent Anthropological Explorations' carried out 
under the auspices of the Smithsonian Institution, and on 'An Exhibit 
in Physical Anthropology' which was prepared on the basis of these ex- 
plorations for the Panama-California Exposition; I will now complete 
the account by referring in brief to the scientific results of the several 
expeditions made in this connection. 
The field work was directed towards three main objects, namely, the 
securing for this country of original specimens relating to earlier man 
in Europe and Asia and contributing thus to the advance of knowledge 
in this direction; the initiation of comparative study of the child among 
primitive peoples ; and the search in Asia for possible traces of the ancient 
stock of humanity which gave us the Indian; while an additional aim was 
to complete as far as possible our collections of skeletal material bearing 
on prehistoric American pathology. Some of the results of these ac- 
tivities have already been pubHshed, at least in a preliminary form (see 
bibhography, April number), and need not be referred to again at this 
time; while the remainder can be summarized as follows: 
Search for Neolithic Human Remains in Southwestern Russia. — It is 
well known^ that southwestern Russia and particularly the province of 
Ukraina, is rich in mounds or 'kurgans,' which yield human remains 
dating from the early historic back into the neoHthic period. It is the 
region which in the past has yielded bones colored red,^ and also some 
crania of most interesting form, partly transitional with those of geologi- 
cal antiquity. The exploration was entrusted to Prof. Kazimir Stolyhwo, 
Chief of the Anthropological Laboratory at Warsaw, and was restricted 
to the district of Kiev, in the vicinity of the villages of Szulaki, Puhac- 
zowka, Chejtowa, Zywotowka, Tackowica, Zacisze and Horodnica. 
The total number of Kurgans explored was thirty-three, twenty-seven 
of which yielded human remains, which, however, in the majority of 
cases had been disturbed. The mounds averaged close to 90 feet in 
diameter, the range being from' approximately 40 to nearly 300 feet; 
and nearly 5 feet in height, or from less than a foot to nearly 8 feet. 
Most if not all of the tumuli were originally higher, being reduced in the 
