36 
ANTHROPOLOGY: A. HRDLICKA 
The Eskimo. — About the most exceptional environment under which 
man Hves is that of the Eskimo, and it would seem that if anywhere, it 
would be among these people that the effects of environment on develop- 
ment should be encountered. This decided me to send an expedition 
to one of the largest and for purposes of research the most favorably 
situated groups of these people, namely that of St. Lawrence Island. 
This island lies, as is well known, in Bering Sea, approximately 40 miles 
from the Siberian and a little over 100 miles from the nearest point on 
the Alaskan coast. The work was entrusted to Mr. Riley D. Moore, D.O., 
aid in my laboratory in the National Museum, and after due prepara- 
tion he left for the Island in the spring of 1912, returning late in the 
autumn. He found the Island inhabited by 292 full-blood Eskimo, of 
which he measured and examined 180, including a majority of the chil- 
dren; with young infants the mothers objected to all handling. Fortu- 
nately, as among the Zulu, the ages of the children could in a large ma- 
jority of cases be exactly determined, the Island having for years had the 
advantage of a Government school; in consequence the data secured can 
not fail to be of considerable scientific value, and are being gradually 
prepared for publication. Besides the measurements and anthropologi- 
cal observations, the expedition secured a good series of photographs 
of persons of all ages, a series of facial casts, a collection of skeletal ma- 
terial, and much general information. 
Native Siberians. — In addition to the above researches, it was planned 
to examine into the development of the Australian child and the Chinese. 
Unfortunately neither of these plans could be realized, but instead it 
became possible to send a well quahfied observer. Dr. S. Poniatowski, 
chief of the Ethnological Laboratory in Warsaw, to some of the tribes 
in the Primorskaia province of East Siberia. Unfortunately this expedi- 
tion, undertaken in 1914, was broken up by the war; yet measurements 
were secured on 109 Golds and 25 Orochons, including a good number 
of children. Numerous photographs were also taken, but only one facial 
cast could be made on account of prevaiHng apprehensions regarding 
the purpose of the work. It was hoped that this expedition could be 
resumed during the fall and winter of 1915-1916, but present conditions 
make this impossible. 
On the whole, then, we have succeeded in securing an excellent series 
of data on the children of the African negro; a valuable though not large 
series of similar data on the Eskimo child; a series of some value on the 
child of the Negrito; and some data among the native tribes of eastern 
Asia. I may add that we have already a good series of similar observa- 
tions, made by the same methods, on the Indian child. ^ It may there- 
