54 GENETICS: R. GOLDSCHMIDT 
is not the case with my moths; the entire individual represents a defi- 
nite, quantitatively fi:xed stage intermediate between the two sexes. If 
we represent femaleness and maleness as the end points of a series, say 
one as 0 and the other as 100, a given specimen of these 'gynandromor- 
phic' moths would be represented by the points 12 or 35, etc. These 
animals do not represent a mixture of the characters of the two sexes, 
but a definite point between the two extremes, maleness and femaleness. 
In the former papers some characters were thought to be a mosaic, viz., 
the color of the wings, which shows in certain stages definite patches of 
male and female design. It is now clear that this is but a consequence 
from the physiology of pigmentation, a fact that later will be the start- 
ing point for important theoretical discussions. So it seems advisable 
to introduce a new term to designate the phenomenon treated in these 
experiments. I shall call in the future the different sexual intermediates 
intersexes; female intersexes, if they are genetically females, but trans- 
formed to some stage towards maleness, and male intersexes if the trans- 
formation goes in the opposite direction; the whole phenomenon being 
called intersexuahsm.^ 
Before describing the new results a short account might be given of 
the different stages of intersexualism so far produced in the experiments. 
Every single step has now been bred from a normal female through the 
different grades of female intersexes to a normal male; also the steps 
starting from the normal male through male intersexes towards the fe- 
male up to three-fourths of the way. Every single one of these steps 
can be produced now at will by crossing the right combination of races. 
Female intersexuahsm begins with animals, which show feathered an- 
tennae of medium size (feathered antennae are a male character) but 
which are otherwise entirely female in appearance except that they pro- 
duce a smaller number of eggs, which are fertiHzed normally. In the 
next stage patches of the brown male pigment appear on the white 
female wings, in steadily increasing quantity. The instincts are still 
female, the males are attracted and copulate. But the characteristic egg 
sponge laid by the animal contains nothing but anal hairs, in spite of the 
fact that the abdomen is filled with ripe eggs. In the next stage whole 
sections of the wings show male coloration, with cuneiform female sectors 
between, the abdomen becomes smaller, contains fewer ripe eggs, the in- 
stincts are only slightly female, the males are attracted very little, and 
reproduction is impossible. In the next stage the male pigment covers 
practically the whole wing, the abdomen is almost male, but still con- 
tains ovaries with a few ripe eggs, the instincts are intermediate between 
males and females. Then follow very male-Hke animals, which still 
