GEOLOGY: ADAMS AND DICK 
The phosphate deposits in the United States which are 
Canadian Hne are those which are found near Helena, Monta. 
north the great Louis overthrust comes in carrying the Cam 
Pre-Cambrian over the Carboniferous, which, however, reappea, 
Canadian boundary in the Flathead country. 
The Carboniferous in Western Canada is practically confined to 
Eastern slope of the Rocky Mountains in Alberta and the adjacent pai 
of British Columbia. 
An examination of these mountains was, therefore, made along three 
transverse lines of sections, viz., (1) The North Kootenay Pass; (2) 
The Crows Nest line of the Canadian Pacific Railway; (3) The main 
line of the Canadian Pacific Railway. 
The North Kootenay Pass crosses the Rocky Mountains about 20 
miles north of the international boundary line. A geological recon- 
naissance along this line was made by G. M. Dawson, when Geologist 
to the Commission appointed to establish the international boundary 
on the 49th parallel. A great development of Devono-Carboniferous 
rocks is shown in Dawson's section, both to the east and the west of 
the Flathead Valley. To the east a block of these strata is represented 
as being thrown down between two faults, this faulted block being 
capped by a series of ^red beds' regarded by Dawson as of Triassic or 
Permian age, having been correlated by him with a similar series of 
beds found by Meek in Utah. If this correlation is correct a phosphate- 
bearing horizon might be expected a short distance below the base of 
the *red beds' in question. An examination of this district, however, 
showed that only one fault existed and that the section contained no 
rocks of Carboniferous age. A thick series of Devonian limestones 
directly overlie a thinner series of orange limestones and shales in which 
was discovered an abundant trilobite and brachiopod fauna (the Albertella 
fauna), which fixes the age of these strata as belonging to an horizon 
near the base of the middle Cambrian. The underlying quartzites 'red 
beds' and limestones, are, therefore, of lower Cambrian or Pre-Cambrian 
age. The proper horizon for the phosphate of lime does not exist, there- 
fore, in this portion of the North Kootenay Pass. 
An examination of the Crows Nest Pass section shows that here on 
Turtle Mountain only Devonian or Lower Carboniferous limestones 
are present, and these are directly overlain by a strata of Jurassic age. 
In the third section, that on the main line of the Canadian Pacific 
Railway where this crosses the Rocky Mountains Park near Banff, the 
Carboniferous occurs in great volume and with a development very 
similar to that in Montana. There is the fourfold division as shown 
