CHEMISTRY: KEYES AND WINNINGHOFF 
343 
salts conform to the mass-action law at very small concentrations; and 
secondarily, to test further the applicabihty of Kraus' empirical equa- 
tion throughout the fairly wide range of concentration employed in our 
work. Dutoit and Duperthuis^ have already studied solutions in these 
alcohols, but it seemed desirable ro extend and confirm their results. 
For the conductance measurements a new form of cell was constructed 
which enabled them to be made in a vacuum, entirely out of contact 
with air, which exerts a slow oxidizing action. The specific conduct- 
ance of the purified alcohols employed was about 2 X 10~^ 
Several series of measurements at 25° were made with each kind of 
solution. The equivalent conductances were plotted against the loga- 
rithms of the concentrations on a large-scale plot, a representative curve 
was drawn through them, and values of the equivalent conductance 
were accurately read off at various round concentrations. These val- 
ues are presented in Table 1 under the heading 'a obs;' the concentra- 
tions in milliequivalents per liter of solution being given under the 
heading lO^c. 
The values of the conductance at zero concentration given in the 
table and the values of the constants of the Kraus equation were deter- 
mined by plotting the results in various ways. The constants were 
found to have the following values, when the concentration is expressed 
in equivalents per Hter: 
For Nal in isoamyl alcohol: lO^K = 5.85; D = 0.374; m = 1.20. 
For NHJ in isoamyl alcohol: lO^K = 6.93; D = 0.324; m = 1.17. 
For Nal in propyl alcohol: lO^K = 38.3; D = 0.208; m = 0.75. 
With the help of these constants the equivalent conductances at round 
concentrations were calculated. These are given in the table under the 
heading *A calc' 
In the columns of the table which are headed '% diff.' are given 
the percentage differences between the calculated and observed values, 
showing the degree of conformity of the results with the requirements 
of the equation. In the most accurate series, that with sodium iodide 
in isoamyl alcohol, the maximum difference, even though the conductance 
passes through a minimum (at 0.1 normal), will be seen to be 1.4% except 
at the highest concentration (0.400 normal), where the calculated values 
begin to deviate widely from the observed ones. 
The values of 1/A were plotted against those of cA, in order to test 
their conformity at very small concentrations with the mass-action law, 
which requires that such a plot be a straight line. The results 
showed that the mass-action law holds true within the experimental 
