678 
GENETICS: R. PEARL 
TABLE 2 
Showing the Number and Proportion of Congenital Abnormalities and Malfor- 
mations Found Among the Chicks of Alcoholic and Non-Alcoholic 
Ancestry in the Season of 1916 
DEAD IN 
< 
MEAN 
SHELl AF- 
TOTAL 
GERMINAL 
TER 
THE 
HATCHED 
ZYGOTES 
DOSAGE 
TENTH DAY 
CHICKS 
SURVIVING 
tn 
O 
INDEX 
OF 
TN- 
TO THE 
OFFSPRING OF 
55 
CUBATION 
TENTH DAY 
OF 
§ 
i 
Hi 
INCUBA- 
% 
0 
1 
TION AND 
NO. 0 
G. P. 
Norm 
Abnoi 
ABNOB 
HAT 
Norm 
Abnoi 
BEYOND 
7VI0I 
X 
Treated parents or grand- 
parents or both 
27 
562.9 
40.6 
78 
19 
4 
267 
20 
397 
43 
10.8 
Untreated control parents 
28 
0 
0 
190 
23 
14 
372 
42 
641 
65 
10.2 
From this table the following points should be noted: 
a. The apparent discrepancy between Tables 2 and 1 in the figures 
for total zygotes arises from the fact that in Table 2 account is taken 
only of zygotes which survived for 10 or more days after fertilization. 
Out of a total of 568 zygotes formed in the alcoholic ancestry series 171 
died before the tenth day of incubation. 
b. The proportionate nimiber of abnormalities of development is 
substantially identical in both series, amounting to about 10% of all 
zygotes formed. If this seems a high proportion let it be remembered 
that the category of abnormality is here very broadly defined and 
includes a number of developmental deviations which in no way reduce 
the survival value of the individual possessing them. 
c. It is entirely certain that in these experiments there was no sig- 
nificantly higher proportion of abnormalities of development among the 
zygotes of alcoholic ancestry than among those of non-alcoholic ancestry. 
This result is in striking contrast to those which have been reported 
by Stockard,* and would appear to indicate a rather fundamental dif- 
ference between guinea-pig and fowl germ plasms in respect of their 
susceptibility to alteration by alcohol. 
d. While lack of space prevents the presentation of the detailed 
evidence here, it may be stated that an analysis of the data shows that 
the average relative gravity or intensity of the 10.8% of developmental 
abnormalities observed among the zygotes of alcoholic ancestry is 
probably not significantly different from that of the 10.2% in the non- 
alcoholic series. 
4. It has been suggested in objection to all experiments where alco- 
hol is administered by the inhalation method used by Stockard, Mac- 
Dowell, the present writer, and others, that the animal gets no ap- 
