PSYCHOLOGY: W. R. MILES 
703 
coast in very late geological time (see Proceedings U. S. National Mu- 
seum, 1, 3, 1878) add a certain plausibility to it, taken in connection 
with the facts above recorded of the geographical distribution of the 
shore mollusca. 
It should be noted that the Pleistocene fossils collected on the 
Galapagos Islands by Mr. Ochsner contain no traces of the northern 
fauna, though plainly of American derivation and with hardly any 
intrusion of Indo-Pacific forms. Also that the northern species men- 
tioned appear in the Pleistocene and even older beds of the California 
coast from San Pedro to San Diego. 
A somewhat analogous overlapping of faunas occurs on the south- 
eastern coast of Alaska where a considerable number of boreal mol- 
lusks, as well as one of the Arctic hair seals, extend southward in the 
cold waters of the inland passages of the Alexander archipelago, follow- 
ing the low temperature of the water induced by the drainage from 
glaciers and the shadows of the highlands bordering these narrow pas- 
sages which, with the prevalent fogs, cut off most of the sunlight. On 
the outer fringe of the archipelago where the more normal sea tempera- 
tures occur, numerous representatives of the CaKfornian fauna find 
their way northward at least as far north as the latitude of Sitka, and 
very likely to Cross Sound. 
SOME PSYCHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES AS AFFECTED 
BY ALCOHOL 
By W. R. Miles 
NUTRITION LABORATORY, CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON 
Read before the Academy. November 14. 1916. Received, November 16, 1916 
The difl&culty of adequately measuring the effects of small amounts 
of ethyl alcohol upon the human organism is indicated by the number 
of investigators who have worked in this field, by the variety of methods 
that have been employed, and more especially by the contradictions 
in the results. It is impossible to harmonize the published data because 
of the many and unknown variables. If two investigators would 
independently employ the same apparatus, methods, doses, subjects, 
and general conditions, the two sets of results would be comparable 
and seemingly of unique importance. It is the object of this paper to 
report a comparison of measurements made under such conditions. 
Subsequent to the experimentation which is the basis of the extended 
report by Dodge and Benedict^ arrangements were made with one of 
their normal group (Number VI) for a second series of measurements. 
