MAimFACTUKB OF COTTON. 
131 
SECTION ni. 
THE COTTON MANtTFACTUEES OF ETJKOPE. 
Great Britain. — This nation ranks first among foreign 
countries in the manufacture of cotton fabrics. Prior to 
our civil war she took from forty to sixty per cent, of the 
exports of the American crop ; and some idea may be 
formed of the extent of her manufactures when it is stated 
that their amount in numljer and value will more than 
double those of the United States. Her fabrics are good 
and substantial, though not quite so fine and beautiful as 
those of the Continent. She runs 21,000,000 spindles. 
France. — This nation ranks next to Great Britain in 
the quantity and value of the cotton consumed, while the 
variety of articles into which it is fabricated, is mucli 
greater. In the taste and beauty of her tissues she justly 
claims the first place among modern nations. Her mills 
send forth every description of cotton goods — from the 
common calicoes of Eouen to the richly figured muslins of 
Mulhouse, the gossamer .tulles of Saint Quentin, and the 
exquisite tarlatans of Tarare. 
The fine cotton tissues of French fabrication are cali- 
coes, Indiennes, percales, ginghams, madopolain, jaconet, 
organdie, figured muslins, printed muslins, handkerchiefs, 
shawls, tulles, bobinets, laces, bonnetine (caps, under-shirts, 
drawers, gloves, &c.), fringes, and nankeens. 
Two thousand and forty establishm-ents consume raw 
material valued at $38,395,372. Their operations, by the 
aid of 212,000 workmen and 113,000 machines, increased 
this value to 161,000,000. The following summary pre- 
sents an outline of the dificrent branches of cotton manu- 
