THE EASTERN TREE-PIPIT. 171 
Genus PIPASTES, Kaup. 
163. PIPASTES MACULATUS, 
THE EASTERN TREE-PIPIT. 
Anthus maculatus, Hodgs. in Gi'aifs Zool. Misc. p. 83 ; Anderson, S. F. iii. p. 353 ; 
Hume, S. F. viii. p. 103. Pipastes agilis {Sykes), apud Jerd. B. Ind. ii. p. 228 ; 
Hume, Nests and Eggs, p. 382. Pipastes maculatus, Bl. ^ Wald. B. Burm. 
p. 98 ; Brooks, S. F. iii. p. 250 ; Armstrong, S. F. iv. p. 330 ; Anderson, Yunnm 
Exped. p. 608 ; Scully, S. F. viii. p. 316. 
Description. — Male and female in summer. Whole upper plumage ricli 
olive-brown; the feathers of the head with distinct^ broad, dark brown 
centres; the feathers of the back with indistinct streaks confined to the 
shaft and its neighbourhood ; wings and coverts dark brown with broad 
edgings of fulvous or fulvous-brown ; tail dark brown^ the outer pair v^ith 
a long diagonal patch of white from base to tip ; the next with white tips ; 
this and the other pairs all margined with olive-brown on the outer web ; 
lores and ear-coverts fulvous-brown ; a supercilium^ the cheeks^ chin^ 
throat and breast rich fulvous^ the posterior part of the supercilium turning 
to pure white ; a moustachial streak running down the sides of the throat 
to the breast, which is marked with distinct and numerous oval black spots ; 
flanks dull fulvous streaked with brown ; abdomen^ vent and under tail- 
coverts nearly white ; axillaries greyish brown. 
In winter the rich fulvous of the head and breast give way to white or 
to pale fulvescent white ; there are no other changes of any note. 
Bill bluish blacky darker above^ and yellowish at the base of the lower 
mandible; iris brown; legs and feet flesh-colour. 
Length 6*5 inches, tail 2*5, wing 3*2, tarsus '85, bill from gape '62, 
hind claw *3. 
This Pipit and the next are very closely allied. In P. maculatus the 
streaks on the back are very narrow, and the whole upper plumage is 
strongly tinged with olive-brown or green. In P. trivialis the streaks on 
the back are very broad, occupying quite half the feather, and the whole 
upper plumage is tiuged with fulvous, not with greenish. Again, in P. 
maculatus the posterior part of the eye- streak is pure white ; in P. trivialis 
the whole eye-streak is uniform fulvous. The notes of the two birds are 
also said to be quite different. 
The Eastern Tree-Pipit is a very common winter visitor to all parts of 
British Burmah. It arrives in October, and leaves in March and April. 
It has a tolerably wide range in Asia. Mr. Swinhoe states that it is 
found throughout China, but he does not say whether any remain in that 
country to breed. Dr. Tiraud gives it in his Catalogue of the birds of 
