172 BIRDS OF BRITISH BURMAH. 
Cochin Cliina. It is spread in winter over the Indo-Burmese countries 
and the peninsula of India. In the Himalayas it appears to be a winter 
visitor in some parts and a resident species in others. The bulk of the 
birds appear, however_, to go north of the Himalayas to breed ; and_, as 
Mr. Seebohm did not meet with this species in Siberia, Indian birds pro- 
bably go no further than Central Asia. Chinese birds probably migrate 
to Eastern Siberia and Japan, in which latter country they have been 
found breeding. 
This Pipit is found very abundantly in all the wooded tracts and gardens 
of Burmah. It is generally seen in flocks walking about on the ground 
under the shade of trees. On being disturbed, it flies up on to the larger 
branches, descending again to the ground after a short time. It walks 
on the horizontal branches of trees very nimbly, and even pursues insects 
there. It has a sibilant single note, which it frequently utters. 
Mr. Andrew Anderson found the bird breeding in Kumaon in May. 
The nest is a shallow flimsy structure made of dry grass, with which moss 
is occasionally intermingled ; it is placed in a depression in the ground. 
The eggs, three or four in number, are greyish white speckled all over 
with purple and purplish brown. 
164, PIPASTES TEIVIALIS. 
THE WESTERN TREE-PIPIT. 
Alauda trivialis, Lmn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 288. Alauda plumata, P. L. S. Mull. 
Nat/ursyst. Anhang, p. 137. Anthus agilis, Sykes, P. Z. S. 1832, p. 91 j 
Brooks, S. F. iv. p. 278. Pipastes arboreus {Bechst.), Jerd. B. Ind. ii. p. 229 ; 
Hume 8f Henders. Lali. to Yark. p. 226. Pipastes plumatus, Hume, Nests 
and Eggs, p. 383 ; id. S. F. iii. p. 142. Anthus trivialis, Dresser, Birds Eur. iii. 
p. 309 ; Hume, 8. F. viii. p. 103. 
Description. — Very similar to P. maculatus, differing chiefly in the 
characters pointed out above. 
I procured one specimen of this Pipit on the Pegu hills in April. I have 
never met with it again, nor has it ever been observed in British Burmah 
by any other naturalist. 
Burmah appears to be about the extreme eastern limit of this species. 
Neither Mr. Swinhoe nor Pere David obtained it in China. It has an 
extremely wide range, however, as it is found in winter throughout India, 
South-western Asia, and occupies the greater part of Europe in summer. 
In summer this Pipit migrates to northern regions, the Himalayas 
being about the most southern limit in Asia at which some of the birds 
remain to breed. Mr. Seebohm did not observe it in Siberia further north 
than 62° of latitude. It breeds in many parts of Europe. Its habits are 
apparently the same as those of P. maculatus. 
