204 
BIRDS OF BRITISH BURMAH. 
Genus AETHORHYNCHUS, Sundev. 
199. AETHOEHYITCHUS LAFRESNAYII. 
THE GREAT DWARF BULBUL. 
lora lafresnayei, Hartl. Rev. Zool. 1844, p. 401 ; Bl. Sr Wald. B. Burnt, p. 137 ; 
Hume, 8. F, v. p. 423 ; Hume Sf Dav. 8. F. vi. pp. 328, 516 ; Hume, 8. F. viii. 
pp. 63, 99. lora innotata, Bl. J. A. 8. B. xvi. p. 472. Phoenicomanes iora, 
Sharpe, P. Z. 8. 1874, p. 427, pi. liv. Aetliorhynchus lafresnayii, 8harpe, 
Cat. Birds B. Mm, vi. p. 14. 
Description. — Lores, the feathers round the eye, cheeks, sides of the neck 
and the whole lower plumage bright yellow ; the forehead tinged with 
yellow ; crown, nape and back greenish yellow, the feathers terminated 
with black ; rump black, the feathers extremely long and fluffy and tipped 
with yellow ; tail and wings blacky the primaries narrowly edged with 
yellow. 
In November the legs, feet and claws were dull smalt-blue, and so were 
the lower mandible, gape and edges of the upper mandible^ the rest of 
this latter being blackish brown. 
In June and July specimens the legs and feet were clear lavender-blue ; 
the lower mandible and a broad line on each side of the upper mandible 
pale blue_, the rest of the latter black. {Davison.) 
Length 6 inches, tail 2'3_, wing 2*8, tarsus "85, bill from gape 1. 
The above description is taken from the only bird of this species in the 
British Museum_, the type of Mr. Sharpens Phcenicomanes iora. 
The males in summer appear to be entirely black above ; in winter they 
become greenish yellow above, including the tail. The females at all 
seasons appear to resemble the male in winter plumage. 
The Great Dwarf Bulbul is a rare bird in Burmah, except in the extreme 
southern portion of Tenasserim. Mr. Blyth records it from Arrakan. I 
have never met with it in Pegu. Capt. Bingham found it in the Thoungyeen 
valley in February ; and Mr. Davison procured it from April to November 
at Mergui and Bankasoon. Colonel Tickell, in his MS. notes on Indian 
birds, figures a specimen which he procured at Aseen near Ye, in Tenas- 
serim, a point much further north than the localities quoted by Mr. Hume. 
It extends down the Malay peninsula as far at least as Malacca. 
In habits this species does not appear to differ from the Common Dwarf 
Bulbul. It goes about in couples or singly, searching the leaves of trees, 
and has a fine whistling call. 
An allied species, Ae. xanthotis, with yellow ear-coverts and yellow tips 
to the wing -coverts, occurs in Cambodia and is not unlikely to be found in 
Tenasserim. 
