252 
BIRDS OF BRITISH BURMAH. 
In winter this Shrike is found in the Malay peninsula, the Andaman 
Islands and the Philippine Islands. It passes through China on migration, 
and summers in Northern China. It is said to have occurred in Ceylon 
and in Southern India. 
In the Andaman Islands this species appears to be a permanent resident, 
specimens having been obtained there by Mr. Hume from December to 
October. Mr. Davison remarks that this Shrike is a very silent bird. 
240. LANIUS CRISTATUS. 
THE BROWN SHRIKE. 
Lanius cristatus, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 134 ; Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 406 ; Wcdd. Ihis, 
1867, p. 212; Hume, Nests and Eggs, p. 175; id. ^ Renders. Lah. to Yark. 
p. 182 ; Bl. B. Burm. p. 121 ; Wald. Trans. Z. Soc. ix. p. 172 ; HunWj S, F. iii. 
p. 91 ; Arjnstrong, S. F. iv. p. 316 ; David et Oust. Ois. Chine, p. 99 ; Anders. 
Yunnan Exped. p. 645 ; Cripps, S. F. vii. p. 269 ; Legge, Birds Ceylon, p. 377 ; 
Hume, S. F. viii. p. 91 ; Bingham, 8. F. ix. p. 172. Lanius phoenicurus, 
Pall. JReis. Buss. Reichs, iii. p. 693 ; Wald. Ibis, 1867, p. 216, pi. v. f. 2. 
Description. — Male and female. Like L. lucionensis, except that the 
upper plumage is reddish brown, darker on the head, rump and upper 
tail-coverts. 
The young are similar at all stages to L. lucionensis, but are characterized 
by the reddish-brown upper plumage. 
These two species may always be separated at all ages by the presence of 
reddish brown in L. cristatus and its absence in L. lucionensis on the upper 
plumage. In L. cristatus the forehead is also more narrowly greyish white 
and the supercilium is purer white. 
The upper mandible from the nostrils forward and the tip of the lower 
mandible dark horn ; remainder of the bill pale bluish ; mouth flesh-colour ; 
iris dark brown ; eyelids plumbeous ; legs bluish brown ; claws black. 
Length 7*5 inches, tail 3*5, wing 3'4, tarsus *!, bill from gape '9. The 
female is of the same size. 
L. superciliosus from Japan, China and the Malay archipelago is similar 
to L. cristatus, but the rafous of the upper plumage is intense, almost 
approaching chestnut, especially on the head. Specimens from Yokohama 
in Mr. Seebohm^s collection have the tails 4 inches long, but another bird 
from Sumatra has the tail only 3*5 inches in length. 
The Brown Shrike is a common winter visitor to all parts of British 
Burmah, arriving in September and departing in April. 
In winter it is found in Cochin China, the Malay peninsula and Southern 
China. It extends over the Indo-Burmese countries and nearly the whole 
