ANTHROPOLOGY: C. WISSLER 
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{h) Dog Traction. Though the dog was quite generally distributed 
in America it was chiefly in the bison and caribou areas that he was 
used for transport. The use of sledges was practically confined to the 
caribou area but in summer the loads were made up as packs. In the 
bison area and the Barren Grounds tent poles were dragged by dogs, and 
in parts of the former area developed into a packing drag known as a 
travois. In this connection we have investigated the relation of the 
horse to bison culture making it clear that one of the reasons why the 
use of the horse spread so rapidly in this area was that he could be 
quickly substituted for the dog without developing new culture traits. 
Our data show that the horse quickly reached the tribes of Canada, via 
the Spanish settlements of Mexico, and was carried as far north as the 
climate permitted. 
{c) The Tipi-like Shelter. The development of this problem has been 
the detailed study of the structure of tipis and tents of the two areas. 
The most intense development of the true tipi is found in the bison 
area, the Mackenzie Valley, and among the Algonkin speaking tribe 
of Canada. The definitive points of comparison are the arrangements 
of the poles forming the conical foundation and the detailed cut of the 
skin or bark covers. An analytic comparison of structure along these 
lines suggests that the tipi was introduced into the bison area from the 
caribou area to the north. 
{d) Costume. Another important part of the investigation is the 
study of museum collections of costume, the related techniques of sew- 
ing and skin dressing. In this case we have a contemporary, Gud- 
mund Hatt, a young Danish anthropologist who has made an intensive 
study of Lapp and Siberian costumes and pointed out some corre- 
spondences in America. Our own data for the bison area in contrast 
to that for the eastern and western parts of the United States make it 
clear that we have in this area alone a development of skin clothing 
comparable to that of the caribou area. Further, the detailed study 
of forms in both men's and women's clothing, shows that in general, 
as we proceed northward in the bison area, the resemblances to the 
culture of the caribou area become more numerous. In brief, the con- 
clusion is that in America, the use of skin clothing is practically confined 
to the combined bison and caribou areas but is a more intense and 
universal trait in the latter. We find a similar distribution for the true 
moccasin and certain methods of dressing skins. 
{e) Harpoons and Hunting Points. The investigation of these traits 
of culture has not gone far enough to make very definite statements. 
One characteristic of the caribou area is the large use of bone points, 
