412 
CHEMISTRY: T. W. RICHARDS 
Compressibilities, Atomic Volumes, DensitieSj Melting Pcints, Coefficients of Expansion and 
Atomic Weights of a Majority of the Commonly Solid and Liquid Elements Between 100 and 
500 Megabars {if the compressibility of mercury = 0.00000395). 
Average Com.' 
Melting Point 
Cubic Coeffi- 
Internatio nal 
pressibilHy at 
Atomic 
Density 
at 20" 
(absolute 
cient of Expan- 
Atomic Weight 
20°{see above) 
Voltivt c 
temp.) 
C7/)M V inn nnn 
Lithium 
9.0 
1'? 1 
too 
in 
ly . 
o.y4 
Boron 
0.3 
4 7 
7 ^4. 
i4 . Ore 
7R00 
11 A 
11 .u 
Diamond 
[0.7] (?) 
"? 4. 
Very high 
A 1 
\J .o 
Iz .UU 
Graphite 
3. 
A. 
0 . Tt 
7 7fi 
Very high 
/ . z 
1 O AA 
Iz .UU 
Sodium 
15.6 
9'? 7 
0 071 
^71 
o / X 
79 
zz . 
9 2 AA 
ZO .\J\J 
Magnesium . . . 
2.9 
13.3 
1 74 
X . 1 Tt 
077 
yz / 
7 » 
ZH: . OZ 
Aluminium 
1.47 
7 6n 
i. . ou 
o^n 
you 
/ . Z 
07 1 
Z/ . 1 
Silicon 
0.32 
11 4. 
7 4.7 
i 1 oo 
L.Ci 
9Q 2 
Zo . O 
Phosphorus, red 
9.2 
14 4. 
X'T . Tt 
7 1 
Zi . xo 
oOo 
21 AA 
ol . \jt 
Phosphorus, white 20 . 5 
16 6 
1 S7 
X . OS. 
^1 7 
oX / 
oO . 
21 C\A 
ol .U^ 
C.I 1. 
Sulphur 
12.9 
1 ^ 
7 07 
OOt 
1 Q 
lo . 
29 A7 
oZ.Kji 
Chlorine 
195] (?) 
7^ 
Zo . 
1 47 
1 71 
1/1 
2C /lA 
OO .40 
Potassium .... 
31.7 
4.6; t; 
u . ooz 
OOO 
0? 
ZO . 
20 1 A 
oy . xu 
Calcium 
5.7 
zo . o 
X . JO 
lU/ o 
Af\ A7 
Chromium .... 
0.9 
7 7 
7 Ofi 
/ . \J\J 
187^ 
xozo 
^7 O 
oZ . U 
Manganese , . . 
0.84 
7 7 
7 ^7 
I OOO 
^A 02 
o^.yo 
Iron 
0.60 
7 1 
1 7QO 
1 /yu 
o . o 
oo .54 
Nickel 
0.43 
7 
S 7 
1 77"? 
1 / Zo 
J. 7 
't. Z 
oo .Do 
Copper. 
0.75 
7 1 
S 07 
o . yz 
looO 
o .u 
/;2 t;7 
Do . o/ 
Zinc 
1.7 
9.5 
7. 13 
607 
^7 
Oo . o / 
Arsenic 
4.5 
/ . oo 
xU/o 
1 « 
1 . 0 
lA OA 
/4.yo 
Selenium 
12.0 
1R ^ 
xo . o 
4. 78 
. zo 
4.00 
1 X 
lo . 
70 7 
ly .z 
Bromine 
52. 
1 
£iO . X 
^17 
o . xz 
zoo 
70 07 
/y .yz 
Rubidium .... 
40. 
56.0 
1 .53 
^17 
o xz 
louj ^,r; 
8^ 4.1^ 
Oo . 'to 
Molybdenum . 
0.46 
1 1 1 
XX . 1 
10 7^ 
xu . zo 
777^ 
Z / / o 
1 1 
1 . 1 
OA O 
yo . u 
Palladium. . . . 
0.54 
0 "? 
y . o 
17 1 ^ 
xz . lO 
1877 
XOZZ 
^ 8 
o . o 
lAA 7 
lUO . / 
Silver 
1.01 
10 ^ 
XI/ . o 
10 
1 1 "^d 
7 
o . / 
107 88 
Cadmium , . , 
2.1 
1^0 
a . kAJ 
s04. 
7 4 
117 4A 
IIZ 
Tin... 
1.9 
xo . z 
7 70 
/ . zy 
oUo 
f\ 7 
O . / 
1 10 A 
iiy .U 
Antimony .... 
2.4 
1/ .y 
A 71 
0. / i 
yuo 
o .o 
1 9A 9 
izu.z 
Iodine 
13. 
25.7 
4.94 
386 
25.0 
126.92 
Cesium 
61. 
71.0 
1.87 
301 
[33] (?) 
132.81 
Tantalum .... 
0.53 
10.9 
16.67 
3123 
2.3 
181.5 
Tungsten 
0.27 
9.6 
19.23 
3300(?) 
1.1 
184.0 
Platinum 
0.38 
9.1 
21.31 
2020 
2.7 
195.2 
Gold 
0.66 
10.2 
19.24 
1336 
4.3 
197.2 
Mercury 
3.95 
14.8 
13.55 
234 
200.6 
Thallium 
2.3 
17.2 
11.83 
574 
9.0 
204.0 
Lead 
2.33 
18.2 
11.37 
600 
8.8 
207.2 
Bismuth 
3.0 
21.2 
9.80 
543 
4.0 
208.0 
In the few cases where the compressibilities have been determined by 
others, especially by Griineisen and Bridgman, the agreement with the 
results given above is good; and there is every reason to beheve that 
these figures represent closely the true values of the constants in ques- 
tion. Therefore, they are worthy of further study, especially as regards 
their mutual relations and their relations to other properties. 
