ANTHROPOLOGY: T. MICHELSON 
451 
it should be carefully noted that thus far no data have been pubhshed 
to justify these opinions. In the course of the past winter the Bureau 
of American Ethnology had photostat copies made of three grammatical 
treatises on Potawatomi which were written by the Rev. Maurice 
Gailland years ago, but which exist only in manuscript form. In spite 
of the fact that these treatises are fundamentally arranged on the plan 
of Latin grammar which is wholly unsuited to the genius of Potavv^atomi, 
and that the phonetic system employed is patently inadequate, I have 
been able to construct nearly complete tables of the verbal pronouns 
of the independent, subjunctive, and subjunctive of the suppositive 
modes. From these, as well as from the fact that the negative of the 
independent mode is formed by means of a ssi suffix and that a sibilant 
is retained before p, it follows that the opinions expressed above are 
completely substantiated. 
The personal subjective and objective pronouns which are incorporated 
in the verb are called Verbal pronouns' in contradistinction to the 
independent personal pronouns which in Algonquian languages are 
used solely for emphasis. The highly specialized character of the verbal 
pronouns in the Central Algonquian dialects has made them thus far 
the most satisfactory classificatory criteria. 
The decisive verbal pronouns showing the close relationship of Pota- 
watomi to Ojibwa, Ottawa, and Algonkin are: 
Independent mode: I — you, I — him, I — them (animate), we (exclusive) 
— thee, we (exclusive) — you, we (exclusive) — it, we (exclusive) — them 
(inanimate), we (inclusive) — ^it, we (inclusive) — them (inanimate), 
thou — him, thou — them (animate), ye (intransitive), ye — me, ye — him, 
ye — them (animate), he — you, he— him, they (animate) — us (exclusive), 
they (animate) — us (inclusive), they (animate) — you, they (animate) — 
him, they (animate) — them (animate). 
Subjunctive mode: I — them (animate), we (exclusive) — thee, we (ex- 
clusive) — you, thou — them (animate), they (animate) — thee, they 
(animate) — him, they (animate) — them (animate), they (animate) — 
it, they (animate) — them (inanimate). 
Subjunctive of dubitative mode: They (animate, intransitive). 
The verbal pronouns showing the divergence of Potawatomi are: 
Independent mode: we (exclusive) — him, we (inclusive) them (ani- 
mate), we (inclusive) — him, we (inclusive) — them (animate), ye — it. 
Subjunctive mode: I — you, we (inclusive) — him, we (inclusive) — them 
(animate), he — us (exclusive). 
Subjunctive of the suppositive mode (corresponding to the Fox sub- 
junctive of the interrogative mode): ten verbal pronouns. 
