26 Guide to the Fossil Remains of Man 
Compared with the size and massiveness of the bone, the teeth 
are small ; but they agree well in size and shape with those of 
some of the lower races of men, and they are only noteworthy for 
the rather arched form of the front teeth (incisors). The canines 
are neither unusually large nor prominent. 
Fig. 12. — The imperfect right half of lower jaw of Piltdown man (shaded) 
superposed on that of Heidelberg man (outline), to show the greater 
forward extension of the chin-region in the former ; one-half nat. size. 
Heidelberg man, therefore, still retained a more ape-like bony 
chin than any existing man, while his face must have been 
remarkably large ; but he was merely a distinct species of the 
genus Homo, and his skull cannot have differed much from that of 
modern man. 
NEANDERTHAL or MOUSTERIAN MAN 
{Homo primigenius). 
Somewhat later in the Pleistocene period there appeared in 
Europe another distinct race of men, of which several fragments 
have been found, and the nearly complete skeleton is now known. 
The first specimen was discovered in 1857 in a cavern in the 
Neanderthal, near Diisseldorf, Germany : hence the race is often 
described as that of Neanderthal man. When associated stone 
implements occur, they always resemble those met with in the 
cavern of Le Moustier, Dordogne, France : hence a second name 
in frequent use is that of Mousterian man. In scientific nomen- 
clature he is variously termed Homo primigenius, Homo neander- 
thalensis, or Homo mousteriensis. The stone implements are 
simply flaked on one face, but well shaped by elaborate chipping 
