4 Guide to the Fossil Remains of Man 
LEMURS, MONKEYS, AND APES. 
Eemains of the early tree-dwelling forest mammals are found 
in the Eocene and Oligocene rocks both of Europe and of North 
America, so that they must have been widely distributed at least 
Over the northern hemisphere at the beginning of the Tertiary 
period (or " Age of Mammals "). Well-preserved skulls of Adapis 
from the Phosphorites of France, and jaws of the same genus from 
Table of Subdivisions of the Tertiary Epoch or Age of Mammals, 
corresponding with uppermost division in Table on p. 2. 
Names op Subdivisions 
(with meaning). 
Characteristic Mammals. 
Holocene 
(completely recent). 
Dominated by Man. 
Pleistocene 
(most recent). 
Man and varieties of existing- species of 
Mammals ; few extinct species. 
Pliocene 
(more recent). 
Many existing genera of Mammals ; no 
existing species. 
Miocene 
(less recent). 
Very numerous existing families of 
Mammals, including many adapted for life 
on plains ; few existing genera. 
Oligocene 
(little recent). 
Beginning of numerous existing families of 
Mammals ; no existing genera. 
Eocene 
(dawn of recent). 
Primitive Mammals, becoming subdivided 
into existing orders, chiefly adapted for life 
in marshes and forests. 
the Hordwell Beds of the cliffs near Lymington, Hampshire, are 
especially noteworthy in the collection exhibited in Pier-case 3. 
Fragments of jaws of Notharctus and Anaptomorphus from the 
Eocene of Wyoming, U.S.A., may also be seen. Nearly complete 
skeletons of some of the American species are known, and there 
is no doubt that most if not all of these animals were essentially 
similar to the lemurs which still survive in the forests of southern 
