Allman^ on Carduella cyalhiformis. 
125 
On the Structure of Carduella cyathiformis. A con- 
tribution to our knowledge of the LucERNARiADiE. By 
Prof. Allman, F.R.S., &c. &c. 
In the month of August last^ during a short sojourn 
among the Orkney Isles_, my attention was directed by Mr. 
Gilchrist of Stromness^ to a little Lucernarian zoophyte^ 
which he had discovered attached to stones near low-water- 
mark^ in the neighbourhood of that town. 
The little animal proves to be identical with the Lucernaria 
cyathiformis of Sars ; but its characters are such as to con- 
vince me that it must be separated from the true Lucernaria, 
and assumed as the type of a distinct genus in the family 
of the Lucernariad(E. That I am justified in this view, will, I 
think, appear from the following description : — 
Fam., LUCERNARIAD^. 
Gen., Carduella,, mihi. 
{Name. — A diminutive noun from cardmis, a thistle, in allusion to its 
form.) 
Gen. Char. — Body stalked; tentacles capitate, not tufted, 
springing from within the margin of a circular disc in a 
single series. 
C. cyathiformis, Sars. — Body urceolate; peduncle dilated 
at its base into a disc for attachment ; tentacular circle in- 
terrupted at about eight nearly regular intervals, by the non- 
development of certain tentacles. 
Synonvm. — Lucernaria cyathiformis, Sars, in Eauna lit. Norveg. ; John- 
ston, Brft. Zooph., 2d Ed., p. 475, fig. 86. 
Hab. — On stones near low- water-mark. 
Localities. — Coast of Norway, Sars ; Island of Arran, 
Scotland, Rev. D. Landsborough ; Stromness, Orkney, Mr. 
Gilchrist and G. I. A. 
Carduella cyathiformis is about half an inch in height. 
The body is hemispherical posteriorly, where it is seated on 
the summit of the peduncle ; it then contracts behind the 
tentacular circle, and then again expands into a wide circular 
disc, whose margin is not produced into rays, as in the 
true Lucernarice, and which has the mouth in its centre. 
The tentacles^ slightly tapering from the base, and each 
ending in a spherical capitulum, do not, as in Lucernaria, 
spring from the edge of the cup, but from a circle situated at 
some distance within it, and in the fully expanded state 
of the animal extend about as much again beyond it. 
The tentacular circle is interrupted at four nearly regular 
