126 Allman^ on Carduella cyathifoi^mis. 
intervals ; but all the tentacles are situated in a single circle, 
and never form tufted groups as in Lucernaria. 
Each of the four interruptions in the continuity of the 
circle of tentacles is caused by a single tentacle having that 
at each side of it arrested in its development^ so as to 
present under the lens the appearance of little conical papillae 
(PI. fig. 3_, m), vrhile the developed tentacle, situated 
between the two arrested ones, is invariably bent over the 
edge of the cup in the expanded state of the animal (figs. 1, 3 J 
and thus renders the interruptions in the circle still more 
obvious. Not unfrequently, other interruptions are observed 
in the tentacular circle, caused by a similar abortion of one 
or more tentacles ; but these are less regular in position^ and 
less constant in occurrence, than those just described. 
In the centre of the oral disc is a prominent four-lobed 
mouth, and the extremities of the four generative bands may 
be seen projecting from below each angle of the mouth, 
and distinctly visible through the disc, by the greater depth 
of their colour. 
The peduncle is distinctly annulated both in the extended 
and contracted state, and terminates below in a little disc- 
like dilatation, by which the animal fastens itself to the 
rock ; but 1 cannot find that it has the power of detaching 
itself when it has once become fixed. 
The colour of C. cyathiformis is a brownish-red, with the 
stomach and generative bands conspicuous, l)y their deeper 
colour, through the semi-transparent walls of the body ; 
while, just behind the bases of the tentacles, the body is 
marked by a deep-brown circle ; and four paler lines, sepa- 
rated from one another by equal intervals, extend backwards 
from this circle to the summit of the peduncle. 
It was a very frequent thing to meet with two individuals 
growing from a single basal disc ; but this I believe to be a 
case of simple fusion from contiguity, and not an example of 
gemmation or other form of zooidal multiplication. 
Carduella cyathiformis is one of the most elegant members • 
of our littoral fauna, and rarely will the wanderer along the 
shore at low tides have his search more amply rewarded than 
by the capture of this charming little zoophyte. 
Anatomy. — A transverse section (fig. 4) made about the 
middle of the body, or a longitudinal section (fig. 3) passing 
through the axis, shows an outer bell or umbrella {a), tra- 
versed in its axis by a quadrilateral, elongated stomach {b) . In 
the walls of this stomach, along each of its four angles, runs a 
double lobulated band (c), which projects into the cavity of 
the stomach, and is the seat of the ova or spermatozoa. 
