BecKj on the Metamorphosis of a Coccus. 49 
I am unable to say as mucli of the female^ though I presume 
such must be the case, as only a perfect insect is capable of 
reproducing its species. I have not as yet paid as much 
attention to this sex, but so far as my investigations have 
gone, after it has changed into the pupa state all external 
organs entirely disappear, excepting those at the extremity of 
the body, and the proboscis, which becomes stronger and 
larger (fig. 8) ; the secretion of the shield is continued until 
nearly four or five times the size of the male, and the body of 
the insect bears about the same proportion ; it then deposits 
ts eggs, between one and two hundred in number, which are 
placed on end in great regularity, and the first ones will 
frequently be found hatching before the last are laid. 
The external surface of the shield of the male (fig. 7) gives 
very marked indications of the three changes that have taken 
place : first, there is the cast skin of the larva ; secondly, the 
shield for the pupa ; and thirdly, a thin and short addition to 
the shield for the wings of the imago, which I believe is lifted 
up when the insect escapes. 
There are also three similar indications on the external 
surface of the female shield, and these may also warrant the 
conclusion that its metamorphoses have been complete. 
It is somewhat surprising that these cocci are to be found 
in a living state at all, after the change they must have ex- 
perienced in the climate ; it is, however, very evident that the 
larva and pupa states are much hardier than that of the 
imago; at least so far as the males are concerned, I have found 
it very difficult to obtain any alive after the external organs 
were fully developed. As it is, the circumstances under which 
they appear are very favorable to their examination ; one 
single orange, if well selected, will supply every condition I 
have mentioned ; and I imagine that from the fact of the shield 
being such a complete protection, the metamorphoses are 
more distinct in their development than under the more 
ordinary circumstances where the insect itself is exposed. I 
have invariably used Mr. Wenham^s binocular arrangement 
with the microscope, and I can only say that for this class 
of investigations the results are perfectly marvellous. 
