DISTRICT OF A'zAWA'd. 
pilgrimage to Mekka, solely on account of his mother being 
the sister of Hamed Weled 'Abeda Weled Rehal, the chief 
of the Berabish, and the murderer of Major Laing. The 
family of El Habib belongs to the Fgelad, forming at present 
a small section of the large group of the AVelimmiden. 
They are now only distinguished by their learning, but 
formerly they were very powerful, and, together with 
the Imedidderen, were the most ancient inhabitants of the 
locality of Timbuktu. The inhabitants of A'rawan pay an 
annual tribute of sixty mithkal of gold to the Hogar, in order 
not to be molested by their continual predatory incursions. 
The three other small towns, or permanent dwelling-places 
in A'zawad, viz. Bu-Jebeha, Mamun and Mabruk, all lying in 
a line N.N.E. from A'rawan, almost at the equal distance from 
each other of two days' easy travelling with camels, are much 
smaller and less considerable than A^rawan. Of rather more 
importance at present than the two others is Bu-Jebeha, which 
is principally inhabited by Kel e' Suk, and has a little com- 
merce ; but Mabruk seems to have been of great importance in 
former times, when it was inhabited by Songhay people, had 
a Songhay name, — Mabruk being a comparatively modern 
name given to it by the Arabs, — and was the market of Wa- 
lata. In some respects this place might seem to have a right 
to be identified with the ancient Audaghost ; and there are 
certainly the sites of some former dwelling-places in the neigh- 
bourhood, especially Tel-Aroast, two days N.E. either from 
Mabruk or from the hilleh, but in another place I have explained 
(Vol. ly. p. 581) why we have to seek the site of Audaghost 
in quite a different locality. There are some valleys clad with 
palm-trees to the east of Mabruk (see Vol. 1. Appendix, 
p. 570), especially the valley called Tesillite, which produces 
two different kinds of dates, viz. the tissagin and the tin-aser. 
The names of the respective chiefs of the three places are 
— Mohammed Weled Sidi 'Omar, the chief of the tribe of 
the Ergageda in Mamun ; Najib Weled el Mustapha el Kel 
e' Siiki (the same who signed the letter of A'wab, the chief 
