563 
APPENDIX IV. 
to those of Hebrew and Arabic. Thus from inghal, it leaks 
(Barth), [in Kab., inghel, it gusbedj] we have, as feminine, toraft 
tiiighdlnaghel, the boat leaks, — qu., is utterly leaky. Many re- 
duplicate verbs occur, where we have to conjecture the primitive ; 
as in eshisheriwuegh, I trot my horse ; sheresherau, work the 
pump handle, or pull the cord of the well-lever ; imesharldrlaren 
or ereshaushauen, (the water) is boiling. 
The Temght sometimes repeats the third radical, as in shekarash, 
to till the ground. That the root is keresh, we know^ since this 
is the sense of Kabail kerez ; and Kab. z often becomes sh in 
Temght. Ergash, walk thou ; and yushirgesh, he took a ride. 
From anjur, the nose-bone {anzer, of Kabail), by repeating the 
second radical, comes shinshar, nostrils ; shinshor, to clear the 
nose. Evidently reduplication plays a large part in these lan- 
guages. It sometimes appears to excess ; as from ishwar^ he be- 
gins {iziver, he began, Kab.) ; sheshwdragh^ I begin. 
10. The Temght heaps formation on formation to an extent 
exceeding what appears in the specimens of Kabail which I have 
met. In fact I have often had to refer to Kabail or to Ghadamsi 
for the roots of Earth's verbs. Thus he has sanishlam, look 
about ; a double formation from ishlam^ which must be the same 
as Ghadamsi izlem (also illem\ he saw ; esimmiktagh I call to 
memory ; transitive from the Kab. amekthi, a thought ; from root 
iktha. Out of Kel (a tribe, people) the Temght develops atkel, 
empire ; amanokal, ruler ; temanokdlen, government. 
11. The Temght, as exhibited in Dr. Earth's specimens, often 
seems to degenerate into a Negro jabber. When the pronoun 
nominative is prefixed to the verb, a mere crude form of the verb 
may seem to suffice, just as though in Latin one were to say, ego 
reg, tile reg, instead of rego, regit; and for the third person the 
element y (for " he ") is often dropped ; as amut, he died, for 
yamut. Also, apparently from the influence of vulgar Arabic, 
we find the first person plural form used for the singular ; as. 
Nek noda{r\ I fall (ego cadimus) ; Nek nuttef, I take (ego cepi- 
mus) : sometimes also the Arabic form of the second person sin- 
gular supplants that of Eerber, with the inconvenience of seeming 
to be third person feminine. 
12. In Kabail I find a rather rare form of the Passive by pre- 
fixing wa to the root. Thus from rebbi, rear, nourish (Erosse- 
