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APPENDIX IV. 
portion of the vocabularies greatly illustrate one another, and seem 
adequate to reconstruct the chief material of the old Libyan 
tongue. Barth has the high merit, to us, of giving very little as 
Temght which can be accounted Arabic. 
The Arabic words which do enter the Temght are not identical 
with those of the Kabail ; not even in religion. Thus prayer in 
Kabail is tazallit (from Arabic ; but in Temght, irniad, 
from Arabic ; Confirmation being confounded with Prayer, 
as elsewhere with Baptism. This word may have come from 
Christianity ; since also sin in Temght and Ghadamsi is bekkad 
(once ehaket in Barth); which seems, like the Welsh pechod, 
bechod, to be the Latin peccata. It is curious to observe in 
Temght the root ibekket, he crouched or knelt ; perhaps primitively 
as a religious attitude. (Hanoteau has ibekhet of a lion crouch- 
ing ; and Barth gives asibaket for " sit with elbows on the legs 
against cold!'') In this connection we may note that the Kabail 
name of God is Rabbi, which in Arabic is *' My Lord ; " but in 
Temght, besides A'manay, it is Mesina or Mesinak, which Barth 
takes for " our Messiah," a Christian importation. 
15. The prefix am before a substantive means in Kabail a pos- 
sessor. At least Hodgson gives many illustrations of this. I do 
not know that it distinctly appears in Barth, though there are 
words thus explicable ; as ahuyye, the chase ; amahuyyen, a 
sportsman. But the Temght has, to express this sense, a very 
common prefix, ila, unknown to the Kabail, as far as I am aware. 
Thus from Ehen^ a tent ; ilehen, tented {i, e. married). It in- 
deed seems to me that this prefix has the wider sense of changing 
some other word into an adjective, nearly as the German suffix 
'ig. Thus from dar, behind (prep.) comes iladara (one who is?) 
behind ; from dat, before, iladata (one who is ?) in front. One 
may even suspect that ila here is the element of the verb " to be," 
from ilia, he was; Hi, be thou. (Barth also has He, '*here;" and 
in Kabail and Shilha elli is the relative " who," as in vulgar 
Arabic.) 
The general conclusion seems to be that Temght, Shilha, Gha- 
damsi, Kabail, &c., are distinct languages, related as (we will say) 
Portuguese, Spanish, and Italian. 
It may be here added, that Dr. Barth unfortunately has not 
