652 
APPENDIX VI. 
CHIEF TOWNS AND RESIDENCES OF THE INDEPENDENT 
SONGHAY, BETWEEN THE NIGER AND MY ROUTE BY 
YAGHA AND LIBTAKO. 
Kt^lman, a large place, the name of which has already be- 
come known in Europe through the information of other tra- 
vellers, in consequence of its great importance as a well in- 
habited and strong town, as also as a frequented market. The 
chief part of the inhabitants belong to the tribe of the Koize, 
with the chief (koy) Foni, the son of A'rkosu (A^^tosu izze), 
or, as the Tawarek call him, ag A'rkosu. It mny now be 
laid down in the map with tolerable accuracy, being said 
to be distant from Tongi (see p. 245.) thirty miles to the 
west. 
Tera, the town mentioned already by A'hmed Baba, said 
to be even larger than Kulman, and the very largest of the 
ksur of the free Songhay, equalling the city of Timbuktu 
in size, four days from Tongi S.W., two from Dore E.N.E. 
The inhabitants wear their hair in long tresses, and possess a 
good many horses ; they are totally independent. 
Darghol, residence of the Songhay princes, the descendants 
of the A'skia, or Sikkia, the chief of whom, at the present 
day, is koy Kalmia ; the inhabitants very warlike, armed with 
shield, spear, and sword, like the Tawarek. But the energy 
of these Songhay is counterpoised and baffled by the dis- 
union which prevails among themselves, the inhabitants of 
Darghol waging war with those of Tera, who do not acknow- 
