NILES, ALAMEDA COUNTY, CAL. 
3 
Hints on Transplanting 
The many excellent treatises on Fruit Culture which have appeared within the past few years— one or more of which 
should be in the hands of every person intending to plant— render it almost unnecessary to give any directions in that line; 
yet we are so frequently asked for advice in this way, that we offer a few general remarks. 
The situation of the orchard having been decided on, the ground should be deeply plowed, subsoiled and thoroughly 
pulverized. The holes should be dug at least a foot larger in every direction than actually required by the roots when spread 
out in their natural position. In planting, the top soil should be broken down into the hole, and worked carefully In between 
every root and fiber, filling up every crevice, that every root may be in contact with soil, and the whole made quite firm 
as the filling up progresses. The tree, when planted, may in light soils stand from two to three inches deeper than it stood 
in the nursery ; but in heavy clay or wet ground it is advisable to have it stand at the same height as it was before trans- 
planting. 
On account of our long, hot, dry summers, it Is well to shade the sunny side of the tree, to keep borers out, with a board 
or shake stuck in the ground, or a piece of burlap wound loose around the tree up to the limbs, top tied loose with a string. 
Whitewash made out of whiting or lime will also protect the tree against sun-scald. 
See end of Catalog for list of useful horticultural books we have on hand for sale. 
Planting Distances 
Standard Apples 
Standard Pears 
Dwarf Pear e ^ , 
Strong-growing Cherries i ^ 
Duke and Morello Cherries 
Standard Plums and Prunes 
Peaches and Nectarines 
Apricots • 
Figs I 25 to 35 feet 
Olives 30 to 35 feet 
Citrus Trees , 22 to 30 feet 
Walnuts 40 to 50 feet 
Almonds , 24 to 30 feet 
Grapes 6x6, 6x12 and 8x10 feet 
Currants and Gooscbcrrios ,^ — 4 by 6 feet 
Raspberries and Blackberries. 3 to 4 by 5 to 7 feet 
Strawberries for field culture 1 to IJ^ by 4 to 5 feet 
Strawberries for garden culture ..........14 i 1 to 2 feet apart 
Distance 
apart each way 
.. .25 to 30 feet 
.. .24 to 30 feet 
...12 to 15 feet 
.24 to 30 feet 
...18 to 24 feet 
.. .24 to 30 feet 
.. .24 to 30 feet 
.. .24 to 30 feet 
NUMBER OF TREES OR PLANTS ON AN ACRE AT GIVEN DISTANCE APART 
1 
foot 
apart 
each 
2 
feet 
apart 
each 
3 
feet 
apart 
each 
4 
feet 
apart 
each 
5 
feet 
apart 
each 
6 
feet 
apart 
each 
7 
feet 
apart 
each 
8 
feet 
apart 
each 
9 
feet 
apart 
each 
10 
feet 
apart 
each 
12 
feet 
apart 
each 
14 
feet 
apart 
each 
15 
feet 
apart 
each 
16 
feet 
apart 
each 
18 
feet 
apart 
each 
20 
feet 
apart 
each 
22 
feet 
apart 
each 
24 
feet 
apart 
each 
25 
feet 
apart 
each 
30 
feet 
apart 
each 
35 
feet 
apart 
each 
40 
feet 
apart 
each 
50 
feet 
apart 
each 
DISTANCK 
Number of Plants 
Square 
Method 
Equilateral 
Triangle 
Method 
43.560 
50,300 
10,890 
12,375 
4,840 
5.889 
2,722 
3,130 
1,742 
2.011 
1.210 
1,397 
807 
928 
680 
785 
537 
620 
435 
502 
302 
348 
222 
256 
193 
222 
170 
195 
134 
154 
109 
125 
00 
104 
75 
86 
69 
79 
48 
55 
35 
40 
27 
31 
18 
20 
Rule— Square Method— Multiply the distance in feet between the rows by the distance the plants are apart in the rows, and the 
product will be the number of square feet for each plant or hill, which, divided into the number of feet in an acre (43,560), will ffive the 
number of plants or trees to the acre. 
Rule— Equilateral Triangle Method— Divide the number required to the acre "square method" by the decimal .866. The result 
will be the number of plants required to the acre by this method. 
