THE CHASE NURSERIES, GENEVA, NEW YORK 
77 
FORMULAS 
Bordeaux Mixture 
Copper Sulpatc 6 pounds 
Quicklime 4 pounds 
Water 45 gallons 
To destroy Icaf-cating insects, add four 
ounces of Paris Green. For Peach, use three 
pounds each of copper sulphate and lime, and 
three ounces of Paris Green, on account of the 
tenderness of the foliage. 
When a single barrelful of the Bordeaux 
mixture is required, dissolve in a coal-oil 
barrel partly filled with water 5 pounds of 
copper sulphate (bluestone). Hot water facili- 
tates the operation. To dissolve quickly, place 
the copper sulphate in a cotton bag or basket, 
and suspenil this in the vessel containing water 
so that it is entirely immersed. In another 
vessel slake five pounds of fresh lime with as 
many gallons of water. If the lime, when 
slaked, is lumpy or granular, it should be 
strained through a fine sieve or coarse sacking. 
Then nearly fill the barrel containing the cop- 
per sulphate now in solution, with water, add 
sufficient lime water and it is ready for use. 
Use good lime and slake carefully. 
When a large amount is contemplated, it is 
a good plan to make stock solutions separately, 
of lime and bluestone, which can be diluted as 
needed; dissolve 100 pounds of copper sul- 
phate in 40 gallons of water; two gallons, when 
dissolved will contain five pounds of the salt. 
In another barrel, slake 100 pounds of fresh 
lime and make up a milk by adding 40 gallons 
of water; when well stirred, two gallons should 
contain five pounds of lime. When, as before, 
it is desired to make a barrel of Bordeaux mix- 
ture, take two gallons of the stock solution of 
copper sulphate, partly fill the barrel with 
water, and add two gallons of the milk of 
lime; if the lime is of good quality, it will be 
sufficient to neutralize it completely. If the 
lime is air-slaked or impure, the right quality 
can be ascertained by applying the ferro- 
cyanide of potassium test. A two-ounce bottle 
containing a saturated solution of ferro- 
cyanide of potassium (yellow prussiate of 
potash) added to the mixture will turn it brown. 
Add the milk of lime till the drop of ferro- 
cyanide of potassium remains colorless, then 
add a little more milk of lime to make sure that 
the strength is uniform, and fill the barrel with 
water. 
JOHN CRAie, Horticulturist. 
Lime, Salt and Sulphur 
As an all-round remedy (insecticide and 
fungicide) it promises very well indeed, and we 
shall be pleased to have as many as will join us 
in making further experiments next April, and 
report results. The proportion of this wash 
may be varied to almost any extent. A good 
pump will spray two pounds of lime to the 
gallon of mixture without clogging, and if the 
lime be good and properly slaked, there will be 
no settling in the barrel. The proportions 
recommended from California are ,35 pounds 
lime, 15 pounds sulphur, and 15 pounds salt, 
in 50 gallons mixture; and the California peo- 
ple suggest that a larger proportion of lime and 
sulphur than they use might be advantageous 
in the East, and that with them salt is not an 
essential. We find that 35 pounds Hme, 15 
pounds sulphur and 10 pounds salt, with 
enough hot water to make 30 gallons of mix- 
ture, will spray very freely and cover the tree 
more perfectly. To prepare this wash, place 
half of the water in a large kettle, add the salt 
and sulphur, bring the water to a boil, throw in 
the lime, adding hot water from another kettle 
to prevent burning, boil two to three hours, in- 
crease the quantity to 30 gallons with hot 
water and apply while hot. 
We would recommend crude petroleum, 20 
to 25 per cent with water, for apples, pears, 
plums, etc., and whale-oil soap, full strength 
and quantity, for peaches. 
GEO. E. FISHER. 
Arsenite of Lime 
This insecticide is coming more into popular 
favor yearly, and is worthy of it. Arsenite of 
lime is at least one-half cheaper than Paris 
Green, is equally efficient, and will not burn 
the tcnderest foliage at the strength ordinarily 
applied. 
To make 800 gallons of spraying mixture — 
White Arsenic 2 pounds 
Sal Soda 8 pounds 
Water 2 gallons 
Boil all together for 15 minutes, or till the 
arsenic dissolves. One pint of this stock solu- 
tion and two pounds of slaked lime, added to a 
barrel of water, is equal in insecticidal value to 
one-quarter pound of Paris green, and costs 
half as much. Arsenite of lime ought to be 
used more generally in place of Paris green. 
Arsenite of Lead 
Arsenite of Lead i pound 
Water 150 gallons 
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