CATOCALA. 
77 
on tlie radial interspaces, these teeth and also the shorter denticles which follow them being 
considerably longer than in C.JonasH ; the line runs inwards and almost divides the belt with 
a black streak on the submediau vein ; the reiiiform spot is usually better defined, and its 
outer edge is always dentate-sinuate, whereas in C.jonasii it is represented by a slightlj^ 
curved series of brown spots or dashes ; the submarginal line is usually more strongly 
defined, and much more acutely zigzag ; the outer mai'gin is less convex : the secondaries are 
comparatively wider ; the black belt differing in length and form much as that of C. afyhana 
does from that of C. concubia ; the apical spot is of twice the width, and the fringe beyond it 
is white varied by a series of five brown spots, a sixth broader brown spot terminating the 
submedian vein. On the under surface there is no decided white apical patch, but the whole 
external border is whitish ash-coloured; the belt, apical patch, and fringe of secondaries differ 
as above. C. patala, as figured (Reise dcr Nov., Lep. iv. pi. cxii. fig. 23) has shorter and less 
acute primaries with very scant markings, the belt of primaries with much more transverse 
and less irregular inner line; the denticulation of the outer line much less pronounced, and 
with only one prominent tooth ; the angulation on the submedian much less acute, and not 
terminating in a black dash ; the reniform spot quite ordinary in character, and the large 
spot below it almost pure white : the secondaries with a black abdominal bar joining the 
central belt. Expanse of wings 74-82 millim. 
Dharmsala; at sugar, September and October. 
Catocala distorta, (Plate CXXXII. fig. 4.) 
Nearest to C, dotata, but smaller. The primaries paler, browner, and more uniformly 
coloured ; the inner line of the central belt much less defined ; the reniform spot pale, 
represented by a lunate grey outline through which is a buff dash or streak, and followed by 
a diffused dark grey patch ; the outer line of the central belt undulated, but not acutely 
denticulated as in C. dotata ; the submarginal denticulated line obsolete, replaced by a dusky 
diffused streak : the central band of secondaries narrower, slanting inwards instead of out- 
wards, and consequently forming an obtuse instead of an acute angle towards inner margin ; 
the outer border less excavated internally, and therefore wider in the middle, though narrower 
at anal angle ; the apical oclireous spot smaller, duller, and bifid. The under Itrface paler, 
with narrower blackish bands ; the subbasal band of primaries obsolete. Expanse of wings 
50 millim. 
Kiilu. 
The above description is taken from six examples obtained at Kiilu, compared with nine 
specimens of C. dotata from Dliarmsala : the latter vary in one character, and that a remark- 
able one — the looping of the outer hue of the central belt shifts its position from the 
submedian vein to the first median branch (so as to include the spot below the " reniform " 
marking) , or is duplicated, or disappears altogether. In C. distorta, however, the loop is 
always formed on the first median branch, the spot below the " reniform " marking being 
consequently invariably absent. 
