EUEOPEAN TIMBER 
6^ 
called ebony. Employed by the Tunbridge ware manu- 
facturer for some of his best work, especially that which 
is to be painted in water colour. 
Weight 47 lbs. per cubic foot. 
Bruyere, commonly called briar (Erica arhoria), a species 
of heath which grows in the south of Europe, the roots of 
which produce a fine, hard wood used in large quantities for 
tobacco pipes. The Australian myall and the Austrian 
cherry are used for the same purpose. 
Hazel {Corylus avellana) is a native of Britain and parts 
of Europe, and grows plentifully in the Home Counties ; is 
a reddish white, soft, highly elastic wood, but not durable ; 
the smaller branches and stems are used for crates, hoops 
for barrels, stakes, etc., and the larger wood is made into 
charcoal for forges and for artists' crayons. The roots are 
sometimes used by cabinet-makers for veneers. It is a 
hazel which the " water diviner " often uses in his art. 
Hawthorn (Cratcegus oxyacantha), a well-known tree, will 
grow in some situations to a height of 40 ft. and con- 
siderable girth ; the wood is hard and tough, but it is not 
much used except occasionally by turners. It is yellowish 
white in colour, of fine grain, and takes a good polish. It 
is one of the substitutes for boxwood. 
Walnut. — The Common Walnut {Jiiglans regia), is a native 
of Persia and the Himalayas, but for a long time has been 
cultivated in Europe. It is a lofty tree, some 60 to 90 ft. 
high with large bole ; the wood is much valued and chiefly 
used by cabinet-makers and for furniture ; the wood of 
young trees is nearly white and but little esteemed, that 
of old trees is brown, veined and shaded with darker 
