CHAPTER IV 
TIMBER OF THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA 
White Pine— Eed Pine— Longleaf Pine— Shortleaf Pine— Loblolly 
Pine— Cuban Pine -Sugar Pine— Western Yellow Pine— Douglas 
Pir—rirs—Larch— Eastern Hemlock— Western Hemlock— Yew 
—Hickories — Cedar, Eed and White — Eed Gum — Tupeloe— 
Black Gum — Chestnut— Euckeyes—Spruce—Myrtle— Cherry- 
Oaks— Button wood— Poplar and Cottonwood —Tulip Tree— Ash- 
Birch— Beech— Elm— Californian Eedwood-Big Trees— Maple- 
Walnut — Basswood — Cypress — Persimmon — Locust — Osage 
Orange— Dogwood— Hardy Catalpa— Tests of American Timber. 
As in the north of Europe, the chief timbers of North 
America are pines and firs, timbers which probably cover 
more forest area than any others in the world ; but besides 
these Canada, to a certain extent, and the United States, 
especially, possess a greater variety of useful hardwoods 
than is to be found in any other country. 
White Pine (Pinus strohus), the yellow pine of theEnghsh 
market, is a tree of noble dimensions, reaching a height of 
80 to 100 ft. or more and 7 or 8 ft. in diameter. In 
the days when the tree was much more plentiful than it is 
now, single logs 60 ft. long and 36 inches square have 
been cut; called by English botanists Weymouth pine, 
hut the timber is known in Britain as Yellow pi7ie or Quebec 
pine, as it is chiefly exported from Quebec and other St. 
Lawrence ports. The tree grows and was formerly very 
common in Lower Canada, and notwithstanding the in- 
roads which have been made upon it there are large 
