30 
TIMBEE 
of Archangel and Vologda, comprising something like 
190,000,000 acres, of which nearly half are in the province 
of Archangel, the produce being shipped on the White Sea, 
and owing to its excellent quality this timber holds a high 
place in the market and commands a high price. About 
65 per cent, of the timber shipped on the White Sea, and 
recently at Petchora, is pine, 32 per cent, spruce, and 3 
per cent, larch ; the latter timber is as yet little known, 
but when timber merchants become better acquainted with 
the excellent qualities of Siberian larch, it will doubtless, 
like the local pine and spruce, find a ready sale. Pine and 
spruce are found in about equal quantities in these pro- 
vinces, and in the eastern portion and the Petchora valley 
there are great quantities of larch. 
Red Fir (P. cemhris), birch, poplar, and alder are also 
found in considerable quantities, but not much of these 
latter timbers has so far come into the foreign market. 
Practically the whole of the White Sea trade is in sawn 
goods. Out of a total of 158,000 St. Petersburg standards 
shipped in 1906, 108,000 came to Great Britain. Archangel 
is the chief port of shipment, doing three-fourths of the 
trade. There are now twenty-five sawmills in Archangel, 
employing over five thousand hands, whilst others are to be 
found in Onega, Kem, Soroka, Keret and various other 
places along the shores of the White Sea, and even at 
Petchora and elsewhere well within the Arctic Circle. When 
we consider the difficulties of transport, for roads are few 
and bad and railways practically non-existent, and the long 
distances, in some cases over 500 miles, which the timber 
has to be brought down the rivers to the sawmills on the 
coast, and the very short season, only four or five months 
in the year, during which the trade can be carried on, one 
cannot but admire the energy and resource of the Swedes 
