10 
TIMBER 
In his own specimen, a section of a l4-inch log (see 
Fig. 2), the rings are as follows : — 
4 rings for first inch. 
Baltic redwood (P. si/Jvestris) : — 
First inch out from heart 13, 11, 4, 3, 6 rings. 
Second „ „ ,, 16, 18, 7, 5, 8 ,, 
Third „ „ „ 11, 14, 8, 5, 7 „ 
Fourth „ „ „ 13, 15, 13, 6, 6 „ 
In another case only 25 rings for 4 inches, which would be 
called a soft log, but occasionally one finds 25 rings to an 
inch in this timber. 
Douglas fir or Oregon : — 
First 2 inches out from centre, 10, 9, 9 rings. 
Four inches from centre, 29, 17, 15, 27, 25 rings. 
Next 3 inches in one case showed 42 rings. 
The dark bands are the summer wood, the lighter 
and inner portion the spring wood ; the latter is generally 
much wider and the former much harder ; in some of the 
rings the darker portion is wider than in others, showing 
variations of growth owing to various causes, and in one 
ring it may be wider in one part of the circumference 
than it is on the opposite side, due possibly to the effect 
of sunlight acting more on one side of the tree than on 
the other, so that, counting the rings for some inches out 
6 
7 
8 
9 
15 
25 
30 
second inch, 
third ,, 
fourth ,, 
fifth 
sixth ,, 
seventh ,, 
eighth „ 
