86 
TIME EE 
Britain in round logs up to 18 inches diameter ; the second 
growth wood is the best. There are many varieties of 
hickory — mockernut hickory, also known as whiteheart, 
big bud, etc. {lUcoria alba), big shellbark hickory {H. 
sulcata), small-fruited hickory {H. microcarpa) , pignut 
hickory {H. rjlabra), shagbark or shellbark hickory {H. 
ovata), and others, all medium-sized trees which produce 
the hickory of commerce and also yield the nuts so much 
esteemed, which in flavour resemble walnuts. The Bitter- 
nut is not quite so valuable as hickory, but is used for the 
same purposes. Like many other American hardwoods, 
hickory is getting scarce. The cross section of hickory is 
peculiar, the annual rings appear like fine lines instead of 
like the usual pores, and the medullary rays, which are 
also very fine but distinct, in crossing these form a 
peculiar web-like pattern which is one of the characteristic 
differences between hickory and ash (Figs. 4 and 11), the 
latter having a very clearly defined zone of spring wood 
pores ; hickory is also of more reddish hue than ash, 
and is lacking in figure. Hickory is rarely subjected to 
artificial treatment, but there is this curious fact in con- 
nection with the wood, that, contrary to most others, creo- 
sote is only with difficulty injected into the sap, although 
there is no difficulty in getting it into the heartwood. 
Weight of hickory 45 to 55 lbs. per cubic foot. Pignut 
is the heaviest, and from some tests made would appear to 
be the strongest. 
About 5,000,000 cubic feet were cut in the States in 1905, 
67 per cent, of which came from Indiana, Arkansas, Ken- 
tucky, Tennessee, and Ohio ; it is found in parts of Ontario 
in Canada, but not in any great quantity. 
Cedar. — The cedar properly so called is the well-known 
tree of Biblical times, the Cedar of Lebanon {Cedrus libani), 
