290 
TIMBEE 
Ringshakes or Cupshakes are openings in the annual 
rings in the butt ends of logs which separate the rings 
from one another, leaving an opening between the layers 
Fig. 45. — Cupshake. Fig. 4G.— Eingsliake. 
of wood into which one can sometimes insert a thin rule 
for 18 inches or 2 ft. ; sometimes they go right round the 
log, in other cases only partially round (see Figs. 45 and 46 j. 
FiO. 47. — Cupshake often Fig. 4S. — Skowiiig tlie effect of cup or 
found in pitck pine. ring shake when the timber is cut up. 
A rather characteristic feature of many pitch pine logs is 
the peculiar cupshake, often formed like a note of 
interrogation (Fig. 47) The effects of cup and ring shake 
when timber is cut up is shown by Fig, 48. 
^ Tn the illustration this happens to be shown in the opposite 
direction. 
