STRENGTH AND TESTING OF TIMBER 307 
similar law, but not to increase quite so rapidly, the ratios 
being as follows : — 
In compressiou parallel to 
giaiu. 
In bentling. 
I'i per cent, 
moisture. 
3| per cent, 
nioistnre. 
12 per cent, 
moisture. 
3J per cent. • 
mui.sture. 
Longleaf Pine (pitch 
pine). 
Spruce 
Ciiestnut . 
Red Fir . 
Loblolly Pine Heart- 
wood. 
1"2 times 
1-6 „ 
i-3 „ 
1-4 „ 
1"6 times 
2'S 
1-4 ]] 
1-5 „ 
1-9 „ 
I'l times 
1-2 „ 
1-2 „ 
1'6 times 
1-4 „ 
1-4 „ 
The elastic limit increases with the strength, the ratios 
being : — 
Jn compre-ssion parallel to 
grain. 
In bending. 
12 per cent, 
nioisture. 
3^ per cent, 
moisture. 
12 per (^ent. 
moisture. 
3i per cent, 
moisture. 
Longleaf Pine (pitch 
pine). 
Spruce 
Chestnut . 
Red Fir . 
Loblolly Pine Heart- 
wood. 
1"7 times 
2-7 „ 
1-5 „ 
1-8 „ 
1-6 „ 
2"6 times 
3-8 „ 
2-4 „ 
2-8 „ 
2-3 „ 
1'6 times 
1-9 „ 
1-6 „ 
2-9 times 
2-9 
2-3 
The timber with 12 per cent, of moisture was air dried, 
that with 3J per cent, was kiln dried. 
The following tables, extracted from those of Mr. Tiemann, 
show how remarkably regular is the increase in the strength 
of timber as the moisture is extracted from it. 
X 2 
