MAEKINGS ON TIMBEE, ETC. 
325 
Ked gum (satin walnut) is the timber most used for 
veneer in the United States, Maple and yellow poplar 
(Canary wood) come next, and these three furnish more 
than half the veneer supply, Cottonwood, oak, beech, 
birch, basswood, elm, ash, walnut, and sycamore are also 
used for this purpose. 
Much of the softer wood veneers are not used for veneer- 
ing in the true sense, but for boxes, baskets, crates, etc. 
Woods such as maple, oak, birch, and walnut, which take a 
good polish and possess a pleasing grain, furnish the bulk 
of true veneers for furniture and interior finish. 
Many of these thin-cut woods are used for two and three 
" ply wood " for boxings, chair seats, etc. 
In Europe great quantities of birch and aspen are used, 
and the " Venesta" waterproof boards made of these woods 
are much used for panelling, ceilings, roofs and sides of 
tramcars, chair seats, etc. They are made in thicknesses 
of and inch and upwards, and used either singly or 
in plys. The " 3-ply " are ^ inch and the " 5-ply " f inch 
thick, and the J inch thick is said to be stronger than 
^ inch in ordinary wood. These "Venesta" boards are 
made of layers up to 1^ inch thick, and can be got in various 
sizes up to 5 ft. by 15 ft. without a knot or joint. They 
can, like many of the " ply " or " compo " boards, be bent 
to sharp curves and may be finished off in oak, walnut, or 
other hardwood. 
Markings on Timber, Etc. 
This is a subject which can only be touched upon. The 
markings of deals and battens require a book for them- 
selves, and have one in that published yearly by Messrs. 
William Eider & Sons, of London. 
The marks are continually altering as new firms come 
into the market, so that even those in the trade only know 
