Macalister — 
On the 3£mcular Anatomy of the Gorilla. 
501 
XLIII. — The Musculir Ai^atomy op the Gorilla. By Alexander 
Macalister, M. B., M. E. I. A., Professor of Comparative Anatomy 
in the University of Dablin. (With Plate XXIX., Science.) 
[Read June 9, 1873.] 
A YOUNG female gorilla was brought home in spirits by Captain J. B. 
Walker, P. E. G. S., and through the kindness of Mr. T. J. Moore, 
Director of the Derby Museum, Liverpool, it vt^as sent to Trinity Col- 
lege for dissection. Its examination was conducted with great care by 
Professor Haughton and myself, and the following are the results of 
our observations, which are chiefly directed to the myology of the 
animal. 
The occipito-frontalis had two bellies in the gorilla, as in man and 
the chimpanzee (Annals of IN'at. Hist., May, 1871). The orbicularis 
palpebrarum has its three parts strong ; there is no lachrymalis, but 
the orbital fibres are very distinct ; there is a wide, thin tensor tarsi. 
The basal head of the levator labii superioris alaeque nasi is inserted 
into the alar cartilage ; the orbital head is lower, thicker, and wider, in- 
serted into the same cartilage. The levator anguli oris is distinct, and 
ran downwards and outwards. There was no distinct corrugator su- 
percilii ; the zygomaticus is a single wide muscle, as in the chimpanzee. 
The orbicularis oris was red and thick. The depressor labii inferioris 
is strong and normal ; and the levator menti and depressor labii supe- 
rioris as are in man. 
The masseter is thin, the buccinator is pierced by the Stenonian 
duct, and a cluster of Warclian glands surround the opening. There 
is a dilatator naris anterior, but no posterior. There are three muscles 
for the ear, as usual, a strong retrahens, a wide attoUens, and a feeble 
attrahens. There is a strong ligamentum pterygo-spinosum (Civinini), 
which is accompanied by a strong muscular band with similar attach- 
ments. The rectus capitis anticus minor is stronger than it is in man ; 
the longus atlantis is attached to four vertebrse.; the longus colli is as 
usual, as also are the scalenes and the quadratus lumborum. The 
omohyoid has two bellies, and is a little stronger than it is in the 
chimpanzee. 
The sternomastoid is to the cleidomastoid as '11 to '04. Duver- 
noy stated that the latter was the larger, but Wyman found it as I 
did. It is the same in the chimpanzee, in one being as 14 to 6, in 
another as 19 to 4. The trachelo- acromial was very small and 
clavicular in its insertion, its origin being atlantic as usual ; it only 
weighed eight grains, and was very small, but larger than in either of 
my chimpanzees. The trapezius does not extend to the occipital bone, 
except exactly in the middle line, where there is a fine bundle of fibres 
passing downwards; it was attached to all the cervical spines, 
but only ten dorsals, as in the chimpanzee ; the insertion occupied the 
outer third of the clavicle, as well as the acromion and spine of scapula. 
