506 
Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. 
The abductor hallucis is large and has two heads ; there is a flexor 
brevis, an adductor (transversalis pedis), with heads from the 4th and 
3rd metatarsal bones, and an opponens, inserted into the metacarpal 
bone. There is an abductor minimi digiti, a flexor brevis, and an 
adductor. The foot interossei are like those in the hand, but there is 
no second or plantar abductor for the medius, as existed in the hand. 
XLIV. — The Muscular Anatomy of the Civet and Tayra. Ey 
Alexander Macalister, M. B., M. E,. I. A., Professor of Compa- 
rative Anatomy in the University of Dublin. 
[Read June 23, 1873.] 
This Paper is based on the dissection of a large Civet Cat (Viverra 
Civetta), and a Tayra (Galera barbata), of Brazil, both of which died in 
the Zoological Gardens. 
The exoskeletal muscular system in the Civet was well marked, the 
nuchal platysma running nearly transversely, with a little inclination 
forwards, the axillary and abdomino-femoral being as usual. The trape- 
zius is threefold — the first arising from the middle line of the neck, from 
the occiput to the fifth cervical spine, it joins the cleido-mastoid along 
the clavicular inscription, and is continued into the scapular deltoid. 
The superior scapular trapezius arises from the fascia of the middle line 
of the neck from the fifth cervical to the second dorsal spines, and 
is inserted into the upper border of the spine of the scapula. The 
inferior scapular trapezius passes from the five upper dorsal spines 
to the inferior border of the scapular spine, as far as the tubercle 
of Eetzius. In the Civet the clavicular portion equals the entire sca- 
pular ; they are 0*54, 0*22, 0*27 respectively. 
The sterno-mastoid in the Civet arose along with its fellow, to which 
it is united for two-thirds of the length of the neck in the mesial line ; 
they then diverge, and the insertion isround and fleshy. It does notunite 
above with the trapezius, whose clavicular part it exceeds (=0*64). 
Cleidomastoid is quite separate, not in contact with its fellow, and under- 
lies the sterno-mastoid above ; its origin is from the tendinous inscrip- 
tion ; its insertion is into the paroccipital process by a tendon. The 
spinal accessory nerve separates these two. Cleido-mastoid = 0-19. 
In Galera its insertion is into the paramastoid, and it is pierced by 
the spinal accessory nerve. 
Ehomboideus extends in the Civet as a continuous sheet from the 
third cervical to the fourth dorsal spine, and weighs 0.45. In Galera 
there is an occipital slip, and a separate slip external to it from the 
transverse process of the atlas to the prescapular base. These are quite 
separate at origin, but are inserted together ; the rest of the rhomboid 
stretches from the last one or two cervical, and uppermost three dorsal 
spines. 
