July 11, 1896.] 
FOREST AND STREAM. 
KENNEL NOTES. 
Kennel Notes are Inserted without charge ; and blanks 
(farnlsbed free) will be sent to any address. Prepared 
Blanks sent free on application. 
BRED. 
Dr. H. M. Qulmby's Nick of Kent, English setter bitch, May S7, to 
Kentlll. 
Mr. W. H Worth's 
Hilda, (lordon setter bitch, May 17, to Pilot of Lorain. 
Lawn Nola^ Gkirdoh setter bitch, June 9, to Pilot of Lorain, 
WHELPS. 
Mr. W. S. Worth^s Lawn Fayaway, Gordon setter bitch, whelped, 
June 83, eight (seven dogs), by Pilot of Lorain. 
SALES. 
Mr. W. H. Worth has sold 
Rustic, Gordon setter do(r» to Mr. J. B. Blossom. 
Fantine, Gordon setter bitch, to Mr. Chaa. Sanger. 
Ripple, Gordon setter dog, to Mr. J. B. Blossom. 
FRENCH CYCLING PHRASES. 
In French a "scorcher' ia unbriile pave, which signifies 
that our Gallic brethren go us one better in the matter of 
cycling nomenclature, for their riders actually burn, 
while ours only scorch in their flight. Curiously enough, 
however, we have an equivalent for this phrase in the 
cowboy country, where a man or animal "burns the 
earth" when he goes unusually fast. 
The French term for scorcher is taken from a little book 
called "Handy English-French Phrases Appropriate to 
Bicycling," which contains such gems as "Ou puis je 
trouver un atelier oil I'ou repare les bicyclettes?" ( Where 
can. I find a bicycle repair shop?), and ^'Combien me 
prendrez-vous pour me conduire, moi et mon bicycle, d la 
gare de 9" (What will you charge to take me and my 
bicycle to the railroad station at ^?). 
The book is intended for Americans touring in France, 
but it would no doubt prove equally serviceable to French- 
men touring in this country, tor bicycle language is new 
and not lacking in intricacy on both sides of the Atlantic. 
Along with the phrases and proper terms for various 
parts of a bicycle the book gives such information as the 
loUowing, contained in sections 45 and 46: 
"Am I right in understanding that there is no duty on 
wheels brought into France by a member of an American 
bicycling club as his private property for use in touring, 
and to be taken back out of the country before long? ' 
"Yes, but you must make a declaration at the Custom 
House." 
Section 88 and what follows deals with the all-impor- 
tant topic of roads: 
"How do you find the French roads for bicycling?" 
"They are generally very good, but not as uniformly 
smooth as many of the new American roads." 
"You surprise me. I understood the roads in France, as 
on the Continent generally, were famous among bicyclers, 
while correspondingly the American roads are reputed 
to be poor or bad? ' 
"Yes, that is the popular theory, but it is not 
The French national roads are, of course, good, 
surface is not uniform and there are many flmts 
hard stones used, which cause a series of annoying bumps 
to a bicycle. 
"The French roads are about the same in eifect as the 
worst parts of the roads in Central Park, in New York. 
In the United States there are now built, or in course of 
construction, a great number of very fine new roads, 
mostly Telford pattern." 
"Well, at least in cities like Paris, one has the famous 
asphalt pavement." 
••Yes, but the city of New York has now more and bet- 
ter asphalt pavempnts than Paris; the city of Buffalo, in 
the State of New York, has more asphalt streets than Paris 
and all the capital cities of the Continent put together." 
Section 94 puts the question, "How do you find the 
America^ machines compared with those of France?" 
Which is answered , "I think the American machines 
are generally lighter and more serviceable than the 
French, also better." 
♦ ' W hat about using American pneumatic tires on French 
roads?" is another question. 
The answer is, "American tires are apt to be readily cut 
up by the flints in French roads. They can, and generally 
should be, guarded or reinforced by having a wide rubber 
band or adhesive tape glued on the outer edge of the tire, 
that is to say, on the periphery of the wheel." 
"Is that device effective?" 
"Yes, it has been found in practice to work satisfacto- 
rily. The rubber band thus applied takes and relieves 
against many cuts which might otherwise injure the rub- 
ber tube of the tire. Some tourists, however, prefer to 
have the heavier English or French tires put on their 
wheels in place of the American ones. It is well for 
American tourists to take with them a full supply of 
puncture-repairing material, with extra links of chain 
and spokes appropriate to their wheels." 
correct, 
but the 
or other 
GEAR. 
Every bicycle rider understands what is meant by the 
term "gear," but few can give a good off-hand definition 
of it or one that will present a clear idea without a great 
deal of circumlocution. By gear is meant that application 
of chain and sprocket wheels by which the speed of the 
rear or driving wheel is increased so as to make it equiv- 
alent to a wheel of a larger diameter. 
In the old "ordinary s" the front wheel, which was the 
driving wheel, turned once for each complete revolution 
of the pedals. When the safety was introduced the size 
of the driving wheel was reduced so that its diameter was 
less than half that of the old high wheel. To secure a 
reasonable degree of speed it was necessary to make this 
smaller wheel turn faster, and accordingly toothed cog- 
wheels were placed on the hub of the rear wheel and on 
the shaft of the pedal cranks, and connected with a chain. 
The diameter of the front cogwheel or sprocket was greater 
than that of the rear sprocket, and it had an increased 
number of teeth; so that when the first sprocket turns once 
at each complete revolution of the pedals, the rear sprocket 
and driving wheel, to which it is attached, turn from two 
to three times, depending on the ratio of the sprockets. 
All standard driving wheels measure 28in. in diameter. 
The gear is determined by the ratio of the rear sprocket 
to the front spocket as compared with the diameter of the 
driving wheel. 
Any one can figure it out in his head by dividing the 
number of teeth on the front sprocket by the number on 
the rear and multiplying the result by 28. 
For instance, with 16 teeth on the large sprocket and 8 
on the small, dividing the former number by the latter 
gives 2, which being multiplied by 28 gives the gear of the 
bicycle as 56, 
In the gears most commonly in use at the present time 
there are either 7 or 8 teeth in the rear sprocket. The fol- 
lowing table gives the combinations that are most fre- 
quently met with. The first column is for the number of 
teeth on the rear sprocket, the second the number oivthe 
front sprocket, and the last gives the gear: 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
16 
17 
18 
19 
SO 
56 
63 
70 
16 
ir 
19 
SO 
64 
63 
73 
76 
80 
A comparatively low g^ar is best for a hilly country, as 
it is easier with such a gear both to climb grades and to 
hold back when going down hill. In fact it is dangerous 
for the ordinary rider to use a high gear in such a coun- 
try. Gears ranging from 68 to 70 would seem to be best 
adapted for such riding. 
As to the number of teeth on the rear sprocket best 
adapted for hill-climbinBr, there is a diversity of opinion, 
but it would seem that the supporters of the 8 -tooth rear 
sprocket have the best of the argument. 
The higher gears are only adapted for good roads and 
a comparatively level country, or else for very powerful 
riders. Aside from racing men they find their principal 
supporters among the scorchers who affect ram's horn 
handle bars and toe clips and other abominations. 
High gears necessitate going up a hill at a good rate, 
and their use on country roads is very fatiguing to riders 
unless physically in the best condition. 
French Fashions. 
In France the ruling fashion at present seems to favor 
extremes in cycling costumes, and nothing excites com- 
ment unless particularly daring on the part of the 
women, or incongruous on the part of the men. Bloom- 
ers or knickerbockers are in great vogue among the 
women, and a costume frequently seen includes short 
stockings, such as children wear in summer, and bare 
knees. On the other hand the men are sometimes seen 
riding in full dress, including silk hat, and in a recently 
reported case yellow kid gloves and a monocle. 
The other day in Paris a man was drawn from his 
bicycle by his long coat-tails becoming entangled in the 
wheels of a passing vehicle. He escaped with his life, 
but there is no telling what might not have happened if 
the coat-tails had been stronger. 
A Hint for Horse Owners. 
A TRAINED ape has lately been giving exhibitions of 
bicycle riding on the Pacific Coast, and he is said to 
thoroughly enjoy a spin on his wheel. 
Here in the East we have an elephant who sports his 
ponderous weight on a three-wheeled affair resembling a 
cross between a boy's velocipede and a tricycle. 
Wheels in one form or another are fast displacing the 
horse, and if this useful animal is to compete with bicycles 
and trolley cars his well wishers should put him on wheels 
too, and devise some means for using to better advantage 
his great muscular powers. 
A Practical Charity. 
Mhs, Fawcett has made a suggestion, which, if acted 
upon, should make the factory girls of London bless the 
day when cycling became a fashionable craze. In her 
opinion, cycling would be for the hard-working young 
female toilers of the East End not only an amusement, 
but an invaluable means of obtaining the fresh air and 
exercise of which they are continually in such need. 
The girls would like the cycle, but machines are expen- 
sive, and beyond their means. Therefore Mrs. Fawcett, 
at a Mansion House meeting, urged the ladies, when they 
purchased new "mounts," should bestow their old ones 
upon girls' clubs, or othpr agencies which exist for the 
benefit of factory girls. — London Queen, 
Insurance Against Theft. 
We would suggest as an effective method for insuring 
bicycles from theft that the number be stamped on some 
conspicuous part of the frame in figures large enough to 
be read at a distarice of 10 or 15£t. If such a plan were 
generally adopted the number could not easily be effaced 
or concealed, and riders would enjoy a protection that is 
unknown in these days of detachable name plates. 
FIXTURES. 
8 indicates races sailed by the Yacht Racing Union of L. I. Sound. 
M indicates races sailed by the Yacht Racing Asa'n of Massachusetts. 
JULY. 
11. Beverly, 2d ctaam , Buzzard''s Bay. 
S 11. Riverside, An., Riverside, L. I. Sound. 
11. Hempstead, ladies' day. 
11. Hull, club, Hull, Boston Harbor. 
11. Winthrop, club, Great Head, Boston Harbor. 
12. Winthrop, sail, Great Head, Boston Harbor. 
13-17. Seawanhaka-Cor. International races. Oyster Bay, L. I. Sound. 
18, 20, 23-23. Larchmont race week, Larchmont, L. I. Sound. 
M 18, Qulncy, opan Qaincy, Boston Harbor. 
18. Cor. San Francisco, 1st cham., San Francisco Bay. 
18. Squantum, ladies' day, Squantum, Mass. 
18. Cnicago, dinghy race, Chicago, Lake Michigan. 
18, Rochester, club. Lake Ontario. 
30. Cor. Atlantic City, mosquito class, Atlantic City. 
20. Winthrop, evening race, Great Head, Boston Harbor. 
20. Eastern, knockabout class, Marblehead. 
21. Fox Lake, club, Fox Lake, 111. 
23. Beverly, 3d open sweeps. West Falmouth. 
S 25. Sea Cliff, An., Sea Uiff, L. I Sound. . 
M 25. Hull, open, Hull, Boston Harbor. 
25. Plymouth, insi'le race, Plymouth Harbor. 
25. Winthrop, ladies' day, Great Head, Boston Harbor. 
25. Squantum, moonlight sail, Squantum, Mass. 
25. Cnicago, club regatta, Chicago, Lake Michigan. 
88. Ogdensburgh, 15ft. cup, Ogdensburgh, St. Lawrence River. 
M 29-31 Qaincy, summer cruise, Quincy, Hull Bay. 
30. Rochester, club. Lake Ontario. 
AUGUST. 
1, Beverly, 3d cham., Buzzard's Bay. 
8 1. ladian Harbor, An., Greenwich, L, I. Sound. 
1. Roy. St. Lawrence, cruise, Montreal, St. Lawrence River. 
1. Waterside, special. 
1, Squantum, cham , Squantum, Mass. 
M 1, Savin Hill, open. Savin Hill, Boston Harbor. 
1. Obicago. dinghy race, Chicago, Lake Michigan. 
New York Y. C. cruise— 
3. Rendezvous, Glen Cove. 
3-6. Interlake Y. R. A. regattas. Put-in-Bay, Lake Brie. 
4. Fox Lake, club, Fox Lake, III. 
4. Winthrop, evening race, Great Head, Boston Harbor. 
8 5. Huntington, An., HunHngtoa, L. I. Sound. 
5. Plymouth, ladies' day, Plymouth Harbor. 
6. Winthrop, evening race, Great Head, Boston Harbor. 
8. Fox Lake, club. Fox Lake, III. 
8 8. Hempstead Harbor, An , Glen Cove, L. I, Sound, 
8. Bfcverly, open, Marblehead. , 
8 8. New Rochelle, ppaeial, New Rochelle, L. I. Sound. 
8. Winthrop, race to Marblehead, cruise, Massachusetts Bay. 
8. Rochester, club. Lake Ontario. 
8. Roy. St. Lawrence, cruise, Montreal, St. Lawrence River. 
8-9. Interlake Y. R, A. cruise, Put-In Bay to Cleveland, Lake Erie. 
M 10-11. Manchester, open, Manchester, Mass, 
12-14, Corinthian, summer series, Marblehead. 
15. Corinthian, club, Marblehead. 
S 15. Corinthian fleet. An., New Rochelle, L. I. Sound. 
15-20. Brie, open regattas. Brie, Lake Erie. 
15. Squantum, Burkhardt cup, Squantum, Mass. 
8 15. American, special, Milton Point, L. I, Sound. 
15 Roy. St. Lawrence, cruise, Montreal, St. Lawrence River. 
8 15. Stamford, Hoyt cups, Stamford, L I. S lund. 
15. Cor. Atlantic City, ocean race, cathoits, Atlantic City. 
15. Chicago, race and run, Menominee, Chicago, Lake Michigan. 
15. Eastern, Vineyard Haven to Marblehead. 
17-2a. Hempstead, An. cruise. 
M 17-18. American, open, Newburyport. 
18. Cor. Atlantic City, mopquito class, Atlantic City. 
18. Roy. St. Lawrence, Hamilton trophy, Montreal, St. Lawrence 
River. 
18. Winthrop, evening race. Great Head, Boston Harbor. 
18. Eastern, 30rt. regular and soecial knockabout, Marblehead. 
19. Eastern, 30ft. regular and special, Marbleheaa. 
M 20 American, open, Portsmouth, N. H. 
21. Kennebuckport, open, Kennebuckport, Me,] 
M 21-33. Wellfleet, open, Wellfleet. 
22. Beverly, 4th cham , Buzzard's Bay. 
M 22. Revere, open, Revere, Lynn Biy. 
22. Roy. St. Lawrence, Hamilton trophy, Montreal, St. Lawrence 
River. 
8 22. Hoi-seehoB Harbor, An., Larchmont, L. I. Souad. 
8 22. Riverside, special. Riverside, L I. Sound. 
22. Hull, open, Hull, Boston Harbor. 
24-26. International races, Toledo, Lake Brie. 
M 25. Duxbury, Plymouth Harbor. 
M 26. Plymouth, inside race, Plymouth Harbor. 
M 37. Kingston, open, Plymouth Harbor. 
27. Rochester, club. Lake Ontario. 
29. Winthrop, club. Great Head, Boston Harbor. 
29. Hull, club, Hull, Boston Harbor. 
M 29. Cape Cod, open, Provincetown. 
8 S9. Huguenot, open. New Rochelle, L. I. Sound. 
8 29. Huntington, open, Huntington, L. I. Sound. 
8 29. Seawannaka, special, Oyster Bay, L. I. Sound. 
SEPTEMBER. 
3 Cor. Atlantic City, mosquito class, Atlantic City. 
S 5. Stamford, An , Stamford, L. I. Sound. 
5, Larchmont, special, Larchmont, L I. Sound, 
M5. South Boston, open, City Point, Boston Harbor. 
5. Beverly, 4th open sweeps. Buzzard's Bay. 
6. Winthrop, sail. Great Head, Boston Harbor. 
7. New York Y. R. A., An., New York Bay. 
7. Beverly, open. Buzzard's Bay. 
7. Larchmont, fall regatta, Larchmont, L, I. Sound. 
M 7. Lynn, open, Lynn, Boston Harbor. 
M 7. Old Colony, open, Nahant. 
S 7. Norwalk, open, Norwalk, L, I. Sound. 
7. Hempitead, open. 
7. Toledo, open, Toledo, Lake Erie. 
10-13. Cleveland, open regattas, Cleveland, Lake Erie, 
12. Beverly, 5ih cham.. Buzzard's Bay. 
13. Hull, club, Hull, Boston Harbor. 
8 12. Indian Harbor, special, Greenwich, L I. Sound. 
12. Larchmont, special, Larchmont, L I. Sound. 
S 12. Sea Cliff, special. Sea Cliff, L. I. Sound. 
U. Squantum, Burkhardt cup, Squantum, Mass. 
13. Cnicago, open, Chicago, Lake Michigan. a 
16. Atlantic City, mosquito class, Atlantic City. [ 
18. Hempstead, closing day. -i-^s*^! 
19. Eastern, knockabout class, Marblehead. 
8 19. American, fall regatta, MQton Point, L. I. Sound. 
26. Hull, club, Hull, Boston Harbor. ' 
S 26. Riverside, special. Riverside, L. I. Sound.' > ^ 
26. Squantum, Burkhardt cup, Squantum, Mass. ' 
OCTOBER. 
3. Cor. Atlantic City, mosquito class, .Atlantic City. 
Should the occasion arise next year for a series of trial races in the 
15tt. class, such as has just been held at Oyster Bay by the Sea wanhaka 
Corinthian Y. C, they may be made still more interesting and useful 
by the addition of special prizes. This year and last no prizes were 
offered for the trial races; but a first, second and third prize for each 
race, or a prize for the winner by points in the series, might be of ad- 
vantage and would be no more than is due to the contestants. It la 
hardly likely that the offering of such prizes would render the races 
any less valuable as a tesf, though they have been allowed under the 
special circumstances to assume a rather informal character and not 
strictly regulated by the rules. Certain additional prizes might also 
be offered, as for instance one for the best amateur design taking 
part in the races, one for the best amateur-built boat, one for the best 
rigged craft, and one for tbe "one-design" boat belonging to a bona 
fide one-design class of limited cost which shall make the best show. 
jUg in the races. It would be too much to expect the race committee 
to attend to all the extra work involved, but a special committee of 
three experts might be selected to watch the races and inspect and 
judge the beats, apart from tbe main work of selecting a defender. 
The class is one specially suittd for the afpiring amateur, and it may 
well be utilized to encourage good amateur work alike with the stick, 
the drafting pen and the saw. 
The successful defender of the Seawanhaka Corinthian Interna- 
tional cup last year, as well as one of the leading contestants in the 
late trial races, was marked by a peculiar and distinctive rig that 
could in no way be mistaken for the ordinary boom and gaff rig car- 
ried on nearly all the other boats of late years and this. In spite ol 
this well-known fact the old pictures of Ethelwynn have been pressed 
nto service by some enterprising journals and passed off as veritable 
portraits of different new boats. One group of pictures, purporting 
to represent truthfully the five boats selected for the final trial, 
showtd no less than three with the Scarecrow rig, one of which might 
really have been Ideal, the other two being radically different from 
the boats whose names they bore. Another and larger picture, printed 
with a detailed description of El Heirie, showed the sad plan of Ethel 
wynn, different in every particular. A little knowledge is a veiy 
dangerous thing in the business of faking technical subjects. 
The Ogdensburgh Cup. 
The interest In the 15Et. class i" certain to continue through the sea- 
son and will by no means termirate with the races for the Seawanhaka 
cup next week There are many good boats in the class, and all are 
improving with constant racing. The special open race of the Og- 
densburgn Y. C. on July 28 promises to be well attended in spite of the 
distance, as several New York owners have already promised, to send 
Up their boats, and entries are also promised from Montreal and other 
points. The cup is the most valuable one offered this season, costing 
$800, to be the personal property of the owner of the winning boat. 
Special rates on 15-f ooters from New York to Ogdensburgh have been 
made by the New York Central R. R. 
