FOREST AND STREAM. 
7 
Quebec are not too hie;h and quite acceptable, we might 
probably make a special elk pai'k. For the moment any- 
way I want only one bull elk:, 
"Ab to the domestic animals, none will be admitted there 
but those of choice and pure breed, and genealogical 
registers will be opened for each species. 
"Mr. Menier will devote much attention to the sea and 
inland fisheries; codfish, herring and lobsters are plenti- 
ful; rivers and lakes are swarming with salmon and trout; 
salmon are of a fair size; trout, fine. He will also in- 
dulge in agricultural pursuits. The island is well timbered, 
though the general siza of the trees is not over the a.ver- 
age. Lobsters are abundant all around the island, and 
canneries will be built in many places. I think there are 
already two lobster canneries in operation. 
"Farm buildings, stores and private residences are in 
course of construction, from twenty to thirty in all, for a 
primary installation. Electricity will be used for light 
and power. 
"A saw mill is being built. At Mawzeralle River on the 
north side of the island there is a fall of 200ft. high which 
will furnish a first-class water power. 
"A wharf 400ft. long has been built at Eagliah Bay, and 
a little tramway l,500Et. long has been laid upon the 
wharf for the carrying of merchandise of every descrip- 
tion to the stores. Tram ways (Decauville system) will be 
constructed wherever needed on the island." 
[to be continued,] 
MINNESOTA INDIANS AND GAME. 
[From the Report of the Chief Fire Warden of Minnesota.] 
There are upward of 7,000 Chippewa Indians living on 
as many as ten difl'erent reservations, widely scattered in 
the forest regions of northern Minnesota, a large portion 
of whom are almost constantly engaged in hunting and 
fishing, and who are just as much in the habit of building 
camp-fires as white hunters. There is reason to believe, 
however, that they are more careful in regard to fire than 
may generally be supposed. The Rev. J. A. GilfiUan, a 
missionary to the Chippewa Indians, and for many years 
acquainted with them, in reply to a letter addressed to 
him by this oflice, communicates the interesting fact that 
the Indians are more careful than white men to put out 
their camp-fires. He also states that the Indians respect 
the law, and when they come to know what is law gen- 
erally obey it. In his letter he furnishes some interesting 
facts as to what occurs in the forest wilds, and which tend 
to show how productive of game our Minnesota game for- 
ests may become under a regulated system, Mr. GilfiUan 
says: 
The region I will speak of is that in which our missions 
are situated, some 250 or 300 miles in circuit, beginning 
from White Earth; thence east to Leech Lake, 100 miles; 
thence north 30 miles to Raven's Point, Winnibigoshish 
Lake; thence west 30 miles to the head of Cass Lake; 
thence northwest 45 miles to Red Lake agency; thence 
southwest 100 miles to White Earth. 
Of large animals inhabiting this region the most plenti- 
ful are: First, deer; second, bears; third, moose; fourth, 
reindeer or caribou. Of the smaller fur-bearing animals 
I do not speak. Within this circumference of 300 miles, 
lying altogether in the pine country, the above animals 
are slaughtered at all seasons of the year wherever and 
■whenever found, and not only within that circle, but 
everywhere north of it as far as the British line. 
First, as to the number of moose killed annually in the 
above region by the Indians, that is hard to estimate, but 
a few years ago there were killed, swimming in the water, 
pursued in canoes, in one bay on the north shore of the 
south lobe of Red Lake, opposite the Red Lake agency, at 
a place called by the white people the Narrows, and by 
the Indians Wabashing, the large number of eighty-seven 
moose. The animals had taken to the water to get away 
from the flies, and so were at the mercy of the Indians. 
Moose are also constantly killed around Cass Lake, Lake 
Itasca, Winnibigoshish and Leech lakes, and a great 
many in the Big Fork River country. To give a rough 
guess at the number of moose annually killed by the In- 
dians in the above region, excluding the Big Fork country, 
I would say: 
By Red Lake Indians , , .200 
ByCasB Lalte Indians 25 
By Leech Lake Indiana 20 
By Winnibigoshish and Bowstring Indians. , •. ,', 70 
By White Earth Reservation Indians 20 
By Sandy Lake and White Oak Point lodians \. 20 
Total killed annually ; 8i 5 
Turning now to deer. There were marketed at Park 
Rapids about two, winters ago, during the hunting season 
(November), 600 deer, the greater part by far of which 
were killed by Indians. They kill, of course, at all sea- 
sons and at all times. I would say, therefore, that the 
amount of deer killed by Indians in the above described 
range of our missions is as follows: 
Deer killed around Laech Lake and wherever the Leech Lake 
Indians hunt 1^200 
Deer killed by Caas Lake Indians and wherever they hunt 'soO 
Deer killed by Winnibigoshish Indians , . , 300 
Deer killed by Red Lake Indians .".!!!il,00O 
Deer killed by White Earth Indians iljfOO 
Deer killed by Sandy Lake and White Oak Point Indians (est 3 , . . . SOO 
Total annually killed by Indiana 4,700 
Nearly always when I go to Cass Lake — which is usually 
monthly — I find some of the Indians absent hunting deer 
by torchlight in summer. The Indians everywhere do 
that constantly. They put a lamp in the bow of the 
canoe, one man to paddle and one to shoot, and steal up 
upon them. 
At Cass Lake they hunt so on white men's land continu- 
ally; going up the Mississippi River from Cass Lake, out- 
side of their reservation, hunting with torches nearly 
every night in summer and killing large quantities of deer, 
which come down to the water to drink or to get rid of 
flies, They do so also on every lake. 
About eighteen years ago the Red Lake Indians killed 
very few deer, but the Eagiish working up north on the 
Canadian Pacific Railroad seem to have scared them down 
that way, or else it was by the white settlers in Minnesota 
to the south. At any rate the fact is certain that the 
number of deer killed has been far more numerous there 
of late years. 
As to the number of bears killed, I would be almost afraid 
to hazard a conjecture, but would put it at 300 annually 
in the whole Indian country. 
As to the reindeer or caribou, a few are killed around 
Cass Lake, I do not know of any other locality in our 
missions where reindeer are killed. 
In estimating the number of deer killed by White Earth 
Indians, we know pretty nearly the number of men hunt- 
ing, we can estimate the average that each man kills, and 
BO arrive at the result. Many of the White Earth Indian 
hunters kill thirty deer each in a season. I think there 
will neither be deer, moose nor reindeer in all this region 
in a few years. 
The Indians go out hunting deer with the first snow, 
usually early in November, and they stay out till about 
Jan. 1, when the severe weather drives them home. 
They also hunt at all times in summer with lamps or 
torches, as above mentioned. 
White men also bring hounds and hunt in the.uninhab- 
ited country, outside of the reservations. 
The Indians use metallic cartridges; they hunt some- 
times alone, sometimes with another; they always make 
fires to cook, etc. ; they understand better than white men 
the necessity of care, and are more careful to put out fires, 
knowing, from having been brought up in the woods, how 
fires will run. 
While the general good conduct of the Indians ought 
to be cheerfully recognized, it is undeniable that there 
are some thoughtless and bad men among them, who in 
times past have caused very destructive forest fires, in 
revenge for wrongs they had suilered, or thought they 
had suffered, from white men or from the Government. 
Also, whether well founded or not, it is the belief of many 
white citizens in the neighborhood of Indian reservations 
that the practice of allowing the Indians to sell such of 
their standing timber as has been injured by fire has 
proved a temptation for them to set fires. The forest 
preservation act of Minnesota has no binding effect upon 
Indians in the limits of Indian reservations, but off of 
their reservations the Indians are subject to it the same as 
other people. It is believed that when they come to un- 
derstand its purpose, it will have a beneficial influence 
upon them as well off as on their reservations. 
Another Armless Shooter. 
Huntington, W. Va., June 4. —Editor Forest and 
Stream: The writer, a regular reader of the Forest and 
Stream, is acquainted with Rev. Mr. Vann, a resident of 
Edenton, N. C, and a native of the United States, who 
lost both his arms in a cotton mill when but a child. 
Mr. Vann is not only an able minister of the Baptist 
church, and holds — or has held — a position as professor 
in the Lake Forest University of North Carolina, but is a 
keen and ardent sportsman. Whether he aan fish or not 
we are not advised, but he does use with good success a 
double-barrel shotgun, having wires running from the 
trigger, ending with a leather pull, to be worked by his 
mouth. 
He ca,n load and unload and fire his gun with rapidity 
and skill, and while we never had the pleasure of hunt- 
ing with him we have been assured by good sportsmen 
who have spent days in the field with him that it will 
keep a man with two good arms hustling to bag more 
partridges than Mr, Vann. 
We do not believe that Mr. Vann could put bait on his ' 
hook with his teeth. As to whether he fishes we are not 
advised. He has a good excuse for not sawing wood, and 
if we were in his place we would make use of that ex- 
cuse; but when it comes to shooting he is one of the boys 
and right in it. We write this letter not specially for 
publication, but in order that you may look up this man 
Vann, as a statement of what he has accomplished under 
adverse circumstances would prove an excellent example 
for patience and perseverance, without which there can 
be no real sportsmanship. T. R. Shepherd. 
[Mr. Vann's shooting has already been described in the 
Forest and Stream,] 
KENNEBAGO AND THAT SORT OF 
THING. 
Editor Forest and Stream: 
I have just returned from a few days' trouting excur- 
sion to Kennebago Lake. Although my trip was delight- 
ful in every way, it would have been much more so had I 
been better posted in regard to the manners and custom s 
prevailing in that vicinity, and it seems to me, therefore, 
that I owe it as a duty to give to the thousands of appre- 
ciative readers of Forest and Stream a few points which 
may be of benefit to them. 
One can leave New York at midnight and reach the vil- 
lage of Rangeley, Me., the following afternoon at about 6 
o'clock, where, in the interest of comfort, one must stay 
all night. The hotel at Rangeley is new, fresh, sweet, 
clean and delightful in every way, the outlook over the 
lake being exceptionally fine. It will be necessary to 
engage guides at Rangeley to go to Kennebago Lake, as 
they do not staj at any of the camps. The ride on a 
springless buckboard to Kennebago baflaes all description. 
The road could not possibly be worse if efforts had been 
made to make it so. It is filled with stones, rocks, 
boulders, holes, and the better way, and the one practiced 
by a large proportion ot the people, is to walk. But after 
one arrives at the hotel at Kennebago the discomfort of 
the ten-mile ride is soon forgotten. The hotel stands at 
the head of the lake, which is one of the most beautiful 
I have ever seen. It is in the heart of the primeval forest; 
the woods have never been lumbered and have never 
been burned. The laws of Maine are exceedingly strict 
in regard to the setting of fires and placards are posted 
about in different places giving extracts from the State 
laws. A man cannot set a fire on his own premises with- 
out becoming liable to damages up to $1,000 for any 
injury resulting to his neighbor, and no person is allowed 
to set a fire except on his own land. 
The fishing in Kennebago and in the ponds and streams 
in that vicinity is excellent, and one can take with flies all 
the trout he desires for his own use from the time the ice 
leaves in the spring until it forms in the fall. The fish 
run from Jib. to i and ilb. in weight; occasionally, how- 
ever, much larger ones are taken, often lib. to 31bs. 
This is particularly the case at the upper end of the lake 
about six miles from the hotel and in Little Kennebago 
Lake. The water of the lakes is cold spring water and 
there are a large number of mountain brooks emptying 
into them, A steam yacht runs two or three times a 
day from the hotel on Kennebago Lake to the different 
camps, and if one tires of fishing it is a very pleasant way 
of spending a few hours to take the trip. At the upper 
end of the lake it is a daily occurrence to see from one to 
half a dozen deer; and beaver and other animals are 
very plenty. Tiie game laws of Maine seem to be, at 
least in that vicinity, greatly honored, and the talk of 
guides and visitors is very different from that met with 
in the Adirondacks, where poaching is more or less in 
order. No hounding or jacking is allowed. 
The scenery all through this portion of Maine is very- 
beautiful. There are many magnificent mountains, 
some of them 4,000 or 5,000ft. high, and being entirely 
•covered with timber the play of the clouds upon them is 
very pleasing. There are a number of camps at the foot 
of the lake and on Little Kennebago, and Seven Ponds, 
ten miles still further into the wilderness. These are 
supplied by freshly cooked provisions from the hotel, or 
one can utiliza the services of his guide as cook. Loon 
Lake is about four and a half miles from Rangeley on the 
road to Kennebago Lake and there is here excellent fish- 
ing. There is a fine camp, well kept, well furnished, and 
in the immediate vicinity are two or three large ponds 
which, with the lake itself, afford most excellent sport. 
The fishing at the Rangeley chain of lakes is now over 
for the season, but I was told — as I have many times seen 
in your columns— that it has been unusually good during 
the past spring. I saw records at the hotel of a consider- 
able number of salmon having been taken ranging from 
6 to lOilbs. H, S. Chandler. 
Nkw Yohk, June 25. 
A HYBRID TROUT. 
It is generally believed that fish of the salmon family do 
not hybridize in a state of nature, because there are no 
evidences of crossing between distinct species. Fishcul- 
tural operations, however, have produced numerous crosses 
among trout and salmon, and some of them have been 
described and illustrated in these columns. Among them 
are hybrids between lake trout and brook trout, golden 
trout of New England and brook trout, European saibling 
and brown trout. 
A very handsome hybrid has just come into my hands 
from Mr. Jas. Annin, Jr., superintendent of New York 
hatcheries. It was captured in Caledonia Creek, and Mr. 
Annin has seen two more from the same stream. He sug- 
gested that it may be a cross between the brook trout and 
the brown trout, and this opinion is shared by the writer. 
In form and coloration it has many points of resemblance 
to the brook trout, but its rather large scales and singular 
network of colors, differing from those of both parents, 
establish unmistakably its hybrid character. 
The fish is about 9in. long, with the shape and propor- 
tions of the brook trout. The colors themselves should 
be seen in order to appreciate the striking beauty of the 
subject. The upper part of the body is brown mingled 
with purple; the lower part pink. The sides have a net- 
work of rather wide lemon yellow lines. The ventral, 
anal and caudal fins are pink, the ventral and anal having 
a milk-white anterior margin. In the anal fin this white 
stripe is bounded behind by a dark line, as in the brook 
trout. The breast fin is pale vermilion. 
The dorsal fin has numerous small, dark blotches, and 
the membrane connecting its rays is pale lemon. The 
adipose fin is rather long and slender, amber colored, 
with two obscure dusky blotches, one of which is very in- 
distinct. The eye is silvery white and shows yellowish 
reflections. Mr. Annin has properly called it "a very 
beautiful fish;" it would be difficult to find a handsomer 
trout or one more shapely. 
In describing a hybrid between the golden trout and 
brook trout in Forest and Stream, Nov. 20, 1890, the 
writer stated as one result of his observations that all es- 
sential characters are derived from the female when 
crosses are made between two species of the same genus; 
also, that when a large-scaled species is crossed with a 
small-scaled form, the result will be a large-scaled fish, 
whichever way the cross be made. The form of the body, 
shape of the tail, size of the scales and structure of the 
teeth are among the essential characters. 
A single glance at this fish will reveal its relationship 
to the brook trout, which is a small-scaled species. The 
large scales demonstrate that a large- scaled trout entered 
into the parentage of the hybrid. Furthermore, the pe- 
culiar network on the sides is perfectly characteristic of 
the crossing of two genera— the brook trout form and the 
brown trout, or one of that genus. The brown trout and 
the brook trout have the same spawning season and it is 
on record that these trout have been artificially crossed 
at the Caledonia station. 
While the proof of the origin of this hybrid is wanting, 
there is little reason to doubt that it came about through 
the artificial fertilization of the eggs of one species by 
milt obtained from a fish of a different genus. Brook 
trout eggs and brown trout milt may have been used or 
vice versa; the result in either case will be a large-scaled 
trout with so-called zebra markings. But if we may be 
governed by the shape of the body and fins and the 
structure of the teeth, the female parent w^ a brook 
trout. 
Numerous experiments in hybridizing fish were for- 
merly made at the Caledonia station, and some singular 
crosses were produced. More extended experiments have 
been carried on in Norway and other European countries. 
As a result of many observations it is claimed that hybrids 
between trout belonging to different genera are always 
sterfle. The hybrid here described should be sterile. 
It would be desirable to produce such crosses artificially 
because the result is a beautiful fish of rapid growth and 
excellent qualities; having no occasion to reproduce, its 
whole time and energy can be devoted to putting on flesh. 
Such a picture of symmetry and vigor would not be 
brought to the landing net without a pitched battle. 
Tarleton H. Bean. 
New Yohk, June 18. 
Colored Party— What yo flshin' fo', boss? 
Fisherman ccarelessly)— Oh, just for recreation. 
Colored Party— Well, yo' won't kotch none. Dere'a nuffln in dat 
creek 'ceptin' mud eels an' suckers.— Pitcfc. 
The New York Fish, Game and Forest Commission has appointed 
James Green, of Caldwell, special custodian of the Islands of Lake 
George for the season, the new appointee succeeding F. W, Allen, of 
Bolton. 
