S86 
FOREST AND STREAM. 
COOT. 24; 1896. 
double-skin mahogany construction, witli liollow spars, silk 
sails and very ekboiate finish. Tzin, however, was built of- 
Micbiean or Canada wbite cedar, an inner diagonal skin of 
i^in , and an outer fore and aft skin of i'm. There were no 
frames, only a few hackmatack floors at mast and abreast the 
trunk, but the bilge was stiffened by two bilge clamps of 
rednr ixfin , while the main clamp was of American elm, 
|-Xl*'n. The keel was of elm. rabbeted; the diagonal 
planking.was cnpper-nailed and riveted to the keel, the 
clamp and the bilgeclarap?; it was coated with a mixture of 
rosin, beeswax, pine tar and linseed oil, worked on hot; then 
a thickness of Egyptian cotton cloth was laid on, and the 
mixture sweated thiough. The outer strakes' were each 
treated with the hot mixture before being fastened in place, 
being finally copper-nailed and riveted over a special make 
of biiiT adapted to the soft nature of the cedar. 
The centerboard trunk w£is made of -Jin. cedar in two 
whole pieces, tapering to i'm. at the top, which was stifl"- 
ened by a If dge to carry *the floor beams; no headledges 
were used, one-half of the slot being worked out of each 
?lank, the two being then riveted together at the ends. 
^here the jjin of the centerboard passed through, the cedar 
was reinforced by a piece of oak dovetailed in across the 
grain. 
The deck beams are of eodar, l|^Xiin., spaced §Oin apart, 
with two light, bent carlins spaced between each pair of 
beams. The deck planks are of -|\in. cedar, (iin. wide, and 
under each seam is a ribband of cedar f Xfin., gained in 
flush with the tops of the main beams and lying on top of 
the carlins. The deck is covered with wide sheeting, sweat- 
ed down into the mixture already mentioned, and then 
painted, three coats being put on, each well sandpapered 
down, finishing with varnish. The outside of the planking 
was finished in English white enamel. 
The watertight, self-draining cockpit was built with a 
cedar floor, the seams battened; but from the swash through 
the trunk when under way and the drying when at anchor 
the floor shrunk and could not be kept tight. At the middle 
of the season, after the yacht had raced for a time, Mr, Mar- 
tin fitted a copper lining to the cockpit, the sides being car- 
ried up and made watertight under the coaming, with a light 
wooden grating to protect the boitom. This proved perfectly 
watertight and very satisfactory. Small hand-hole plates, as 
used for hatches in canoes, were placed to ventilate each 
compartment. The centerboard is of i'm. steel, of the shape 
shown. The original design called for a 3001b. board, but 
the thin one was finally decided on, and two pigs of lead 
were shipped and lashed amidships to make up tUe loss in 
weight. The rudder has a steel stock and a wooden blade. 
The declv fittings are all very light, including; two forged steel 
travelers and astern band. The tiller is of secoid growth 
hickory, bent to shape, and stepped in a bronze socket which 
tits the rudderhead. The rudder trunk is of steel bicycle 
tubing, flanged and brazed inlo a special bronze plate at the 
bottom of keel, and counter-bored into a bronze bearing on 
deck. The chainplatcs are bent steel straps, with special 
deadeyes at deck, running down to the keel and there fas- 
tened to the mast step. The mast, boom and gaflf are of 
balsam pine, solid, but very light and strong. The sails are 
of Egyptian cotton. The blocks are of wood, rather large, 
but light. The standing rigging is of steel, set up by lan- 
yards. The entire weight of hull, without centerboard and 
rudder, was 4701bs. in tbe shop. 
The yacht was originally designed with an over all length 
of 32ft,, as shown in the plans, but at the annual meeting of 
the club in Chicago last winter it was decided to prohibit 
more than one-third of the waterline length in overhang as 
a means of protection to the old-time boats with short ends 
and great beam, with accompanying big sail plans. As it 
happened, this step proved fruitlesp, the newer and smaller 
boats outsailing the old sand baggers by about one minute to 
the mile over the club course, 12 miles. 
Owing to this restriction on tne overhang, Tzin was built 
to the dotted lines shown, the ends of the original design 
being reduced considerably. Another yacht, however, was 
built to the full length, i32ft. over all, for Signer S. P. 
Fachutar, of the Pewaukee Y. C, being named Carmula. 
She is one of the finest yachts built by the Racine Yacht 
and Boat Works last season, both skins being of mahogany, 
as well as the planksheer and partners; while the deck, of 
J-XfiiQ- pine, was bent to shape and blmd-fastenfd. The 
centerboard was of phosphor bronze, 'dOOlbs. weight; the 
.epars were hollow, and the sails were of Union silk, the 
rig being a lug with roller jib. The deck finings were very 
elaborate, including a light rail around the entire deck. 
Though fast, she is rather overweighted with fittings, etc., 
for the class. 
Twin's dimensions are; 
Length over all 27ft. 7iii. 
9 l.W.l li'tt. 
Overhang, bow — 4ft. 9in. 
stern 5ft. 1 Oin. 
Beam, extreme 7ft. 'diia. 
1 w.l uft. 6in, 
Freeboard 1ft. 
Sheer, bow llO^in. 
st -'rn 2in. 
Mast, from stem at l.w.l 4ft. 
deck to hounds .filBft. lOin. 
Boom .. 22ft. 
Gaflf 16ft. 
Mainsail, area, aq. ft 336 
Jib, sq. ft 76 
Total sail 412 
Tzin's record for her first season is: 
July 4, Revel cup race Fouled buoy. 
July 18 1'iJSt. 
July 25, Commodore's cup Second. 
Aug. 8, Oakwood cup First. 
Aug. 17 Second. 
Aug. 22 First. 
Aug 29 Fu-st. 
Total, four firsts, two seconds and once disqualitied for 
fouling mark, giving her the championship pennant of the 
club. Her owner slates that she is good to windward, but 
does her best work reaching and running, and in a moder- 
ately strong breeze. She is a good sea boat, and not specially 
wet for a racing boat in rough water. 
The America's Cup. 
A CORRBSPONDKNT of Engineering (London) writes to that paper as 
follows, outlining a newa^d definitely organized scheme forlhe re- 
gaining of the America's Cup: 
Editor Engineering: „ ^ ^ 
I think that if the America's Cup is to eventually come here, as I 
feel sure it ultimately will, the conditions under which a yacht, built 
for the purpose of securing it, is constructed should approximate 
those prevailing on the American side. 
I want to see the Cup won on the old course first, and then to insist 
on neutral ground being fixed equally distant from both shores, so 
that the labor of reaching the scene will be fairly apportioned to each 
of the competitors. 
The suggestion I wish to make is that you invite public subscription 
for the purpose of building say four racing yachts of the length 
limited by the "deed of gift," designs for such yachts to be thrown 
open to the designing talent of the country. These could be referred 
to a committee compose^ of scientific men assisted by expert yachts- 
men. The designs considered best to be the basis of the building, and 
might carry a premium. 
The boats when built to be tested separately and together, Inter- 
changing tbe skippers to eliminate the personal element. 
The best out of three contests to be considered the winner. 
I am convinced that it is only when the talent of the country is 
brought into requisition the "event" can be fairly considered "inter- 
national;" otherwise it is merely a private trial of rivals, The public 
at large, by entering into the scheme, having direct personal interest 
in the issue, would thus stimulate the designers to their best efforts. 
Without desiring to prescribe the names of the "committee," I 
venture to express the conviction that it would be incomplete with- 
out the inclusion of Mr. Yarrow and Mr. Froude. provided they are 
willing. 
The former gentleman, by his great experience in high-powered, 
light-scaotlinged vessels, and the latter by his deservedly high place 
in researches on resistance and forms of vessels, would be invaluable 
in determining the merits of the designs. 
This suggestion is made sincerely, conveying no reflection on the 
present designers of yachts. It is made in no one's interest, but on 
public scientific grounds alone. I am certain there are many in this 
great maritime, country who merely want the chance of exhibiting 
their talent to prove that the supremacy of this nation, both practi- 
cally and theoretically, in every field covered by the term "naval 
architecture," when it is awake, can be maintained just as proudly 
and easily by the children of Nelson in this day as their ancestors 
showed so brilliantly, under entirely different conditions, that it 
could in the past. J. J. O'Nkill. 
Sept, 21. 
Varuna. 
The new steam yacht Varnna, designed by Watson for Eugene Hig- 
glns. of New York, is described as follows in the European edition of 
the New York Herald: 
"I fancy she does credit to her builders," said Mr. John Inglis mod- 
estly adding, "and of course to her designer. She's indeed a bonny 
boat,' and her owner will be satisfied with her. We have, of course, 
kept strictly to Mr Watson's designs, and it may be there are some 
details with which I should not agree had I been the designer of the 
boat myself. But that's neither here nor there. If he and Mr. Hig- 
gins are satisfied so am I." , . ^ . ^ • .v. 
Undoubtedly the most striking figure of the Varuna is the vaatness 
of her accommodations. Apart from the owner's suite of rooms and 
saloons, there are two large and three somewhat smaller staterooms 
below the main deck, besides a room Intended for bachelor guests ex- 
tending right across the ship. Mr. Higgins need not stint himself in 
the matter of company on board his new yacht. , . ^ . ,^ , 
Of 1 620 tons, Thames measurement, the Varuna, which is built of 
steel throughout, the top sides being flush plated, with continuous 
edge strips fitted inside, has the following dimensions: Length on 
Iwl 260ft.; length over taffrail and figurehead, 300ft.; extreme 
breadth, 35ft. Sin. ; depth (to bridge deck), aart. 
It Is to the size of her bridge deck that the Varuna owes, in greatest 
measure, the exceptional character of her accommodations. This 
deck is 168ft. in length. For 40tt. at either end it is supported on 
Stanchions at the ship's sides, while the remaining portion, nearly 
90ft. in length, is covered in. ^. . . . 
Here are the chief rooms: The owner's suite, dming room, fencmg 
room, chart room, drawing room and two large staterooms. 
The dining room also extends across the ship, lying between the 
boiler and engine rooms, from which latter the two sets of triple ex- 
pansion engines, with which the Varuna is supplied, can be vie^^ed at 
work The measurements of the dining room are about 18ft. X3itt. 
It is fitted up in paneled oak, and will possess all the requisite f ur- 
° From^the dining room entrance can be had to the library, with an 
area of some 187sq ft., and a total wall length of over 60ft., quite 
enough to allow of oookcases containing a plenty of literature 
This library is aft of a series of rooms for maids and valets, and 
lavatories and baih rooms for guests arranged alongside the casing 
on the starboard side, and alongside the after end of the dining room 
is a vestibule floored with rubber tiling. 
Here is to be seen a novelty— a watertight gangway, with an accom- 
modation ladder, by means of which eatrance can be had to the ves- 
tibule when the ship is afloat. ^. ^ . 
Passing abaft the engine room, you come to the drawing room and 
what is called the fencing room, which together form an after deck- 
house on the main deck. The former is 18ft. square, while the latter 
measures 16ft by 17ft., and is provided with cabinets, racks for foils, 
dumb bells, clubs and other accessories for physical exercise. 
The floor of this gymnasium is of rubber tiUng, while the walls are 
paneled in wainscot oak, above this dado being covered with neatly 
painted Tynecastle canvas. By the way, the same material is used for 
the ceilings of the dining, drawing and owner's rooms, painted and 
gilded in harmony with the other fittings. The walls of the drawing 
room are in mahogany. ,^ ^ ^ 
Light and ventilation are amply provided for, there being no less 
than twenty-two large square ports in the drawing room and fencing 
room alone, while altogether the number of sidelights fitted to rooms 
under the bridge deck is flfty-seven, inclusive of the fourteen already 
mentioned as opening on the owner's suite. , ■ 
Furthermore, a large circular skyliRht is fitted over the fencing 
room, and in this is placed an electrically driven Blackman ventilating 
fan 
Finally to conclude this enumeration of the accommodations under 
the bridge deck, there are two large staterooms fitted up in mahogany, 
and painted enameled white. These rooms measure 15ft. by 14ft., 
and l<ift. by 14ft., respectively. ^ . „ , 
Going below, there is further accommodation for guests all abaft 
tbe machinery space. On this lower deck are two large staterooms, 
respectively measuring 14ft. square and lift, by irft.; and also three 
others about 10ft. by lift. All these are paneled in muhogany. 
In addition there is the larg« bachelors' cabin already referred to, 
and extending right across the ship. 
Here there are two bath rooms, with tiled floors and dadoles of til- 
ing; while contiguous is the doctor's room, and abaft accommodation 
for valets in a room measuring 9tt. by 17ft. 
When it is added that these guests' rooms will be upholstered in 
some cases in luxurious fashion, and in ail in a manner providing 
sound, solid comfort, and that the latest ideas in the matter of con- 
veniences and fittings will be utilized, a number of well-known firms 
being engaged to supplement the work of Messrs. Inglis itisapparent 
that Mr. Eugene Higgins's guests will be favored individuals. 
Between the bridge deck and the forecastle deck there is a break 
deck, level with the rail, and underneath which are the storerooms, 
clothes lockers and magazine for the ammunition for the rapid fire 
guns and other ordnance the Varuna will carry. . 
It is scarcely necessary to say of a modeirn steam yacht that she will 
be lighted throughout by electricity. The Varuna carries two en- 
gines and dynamos, cupled together, for this purpose, and there are 
also storage cells in the after hold for requisition when the dynamos 
are not running. 
Electricity is also the motive power for fans that are placed in the 
owner's rooms, the saloons and all the guests' rooms, whU© there are 
electric bells throughout the vessel. 
Going up to the bridge deck— by the way, a peculiarity of the Varuna 
is that all her gangways run athwart, instead of, as is usually the ease, 
•with the ship— we find, immediately in front of the funnel casing, a 
deckhouse built entirely of teak, and comprising a wheelhouse, 
chart room and entrance way to the main deck. 
This deckhouse is 21ft in length and 13ft, in breadth. Its various 
divisions are all paneled in oak and the floor laid with rubber tiling. 
Then, on tbe bridge deck, but abaft tho funnel casing, is a second 
deckhouse Sft longer than its couTterpart forward, the measurement 
being 33ft, Xl3ft , and, like the other one, built entirely of teak This 
second deckhouse consists almost wholly of a room described as a 
breakfast or smoking room, the walls of which are paneled in mahog- 
any ana the floor laid in featber or groove- jointed oak, elaborately 
planed and waxed. Here is an entrance way to the after rooms on 
the main deck. 
The Varuna is a twin-screw vessel, carrying two sets of triple expan- 
sion engines, four cylinders, Saj.^. 38, 40 and 43in. in diameter, each set, 
and two boilers lift. 9ln. long and 17ft. 6ih. in diameter, placed back to 
back in the center of the ship. 
New York Y. C. 
An important meeting of the New York Y. C. will be held on Thurs- 
day of this week, as will be seen from the following notices of pro- 
posed nmendments to the racing rules. . 
The flrth general meeting of the club will be held at the club house, 
Thursday. Oct. 22, at 8:80 P. M. The committee to nominate officers 
and standing committees for the year 1897 will be balloted for at this 
meeting. The following amendment to Chapter IV. of the by-laws, 
passed at the second general meeting, and liid on the table at the 
third general meeting, will be taken up for final consideration: 
Add at the end of first paragraph: "Yachts complying with the 
foregoing condirions, except as to capacity, but having a capacity of 
less than 15 tons and not lens than 10 tons, ascertained and certified as 
herein provided, shall be entitled to representation for all purposes 
except voting at meetings." 
The following amendments to the racing rules will be presented: 
RULiE I. 
Sec. 3, to read: Schooners— Class A, all over 95ft. racing length. 
Class B, not over 95 and over 85ft racing length. Class C, not over 
85 and over 75ft. racing length. Class D, not over 75 and over 65ft. 
racing length. Class F, not over (iSft. racing length. . 
Single-masted Vessels and Yawls.— Class G, all over 70ft. racing 
length. Class H, not over 70 and over 60ft. racing length. Class J, 
not over 60 and over 51ft. racing length. Class K, not over 51 
and over 43ft. racing length. Class L, not over 4a and over 36ft. rac- 
ing length. Class M, not over 36Ct. racing length. 
See 3, to read: The regatta committee, with the approval of the 
commodore, may establish special classes for any regatta. 
Sec. 4, to read: Limit of Drafts.- The maximum draft of any yacht 
when in racing trim shall not exceed that specified for her class in 
the following table, exclusive of centerboard, except as hereafter 
mentioned. 
Schooners — Class A, over 95ft. R. L. ; draft, no limit. Class B, not 
over 95ft. R. L ; draft, 14ft. Class C, not over Soft. R. L ; draft, 13ft. 
Class D, not over 75tt. R. L. ; draft, 13ft. Class F, not over 65ft, B. li. ; 
draft, lift. 
Single-masted Vessels and YawKs.— Class G, over 70ft. B. L.; draft, 
no limit. Class H, not over 70ft. R. L ; draft, 13ft. Class J, not over 
60rt. R. L ;draft, 11.5ft. Claim K, not over 51ft. R. L.; draft, 10ft. 
Cass L, not over 43tt. R. L. ; draft, 9ft. Class M, not over 36ft. R. L. ; 
draft, 8ft. 
Any yacht whose draft exceeds that allowed in her class shall be 
eligible to race in such class, but the amount of excess shall, in com- 
puting her meapurement for racing length, be multiplied by two and 
added to the L W.L. ; provided, however, that in no case shall such 
excess be more than 10 per cent, of the draft allowed in her respective 
class. On all yachts launched after Nov. l, 1896, there shall be placed 
upon the hull, and immediately over the point of greatest draft, a 
metal plate or other distinct mark. Such mark shall be placed over 
the L.W.L , and within Oin. of it; and the owner shall furnish to th« 
regatta committee a certificate of the vessel's draft to such mark, 
signed by himself, the designer or the builder of the yacht. 
Change Sec. 4 to Sec. 6. 
New Sec. 5. To read: Any yacht launched after Nov. 1, 1896, ex- 
cept In classes A of schooners and G of single-masted vessels and 
yawls, shall not be entitled to any time allowance from other yachts 
in her class, except as provided in Sec. 3 of Rule IV. and in special 
races, when it must be so stated in the notice of the race. 
RULE II. 
In third line, change the word 94 to read 93 per cent. 
RULE IV. 
Sec. 3. To read: The regatta committee may refuse or accept any 
entry made after the time of closing. 
Change present Sec. 3 to Sec. 4 and to read: At least two yachls 
must start in each class to entitle a yacht to a prize. Any yacht alone 
in her class may sail in the class next above, but in such class such 
yacht shall assume and be entered as of the minimum racing length 
specified for the class in which she so enters; but this shall not be 
so construed as to permit a single-masted vessel or yawl to enter in a 
schooner class. 
Eliminate the present Sec. 4^ as it is provided for in the proposed 
Sec. 3 of Rule L 
RDLK VI.— BOATS AND LIPE BUOYS. 
Sec 1. To read: All yachts shall carry at least two serviceable 
life buoys on deck ready tor use. 
Sec. 2. To read: Classes A, B, C of schomers and O of single- 
masted vessels and yawls shall carry on deck a serviceable round- 
bottom boat with oars and rowlocks or tholepins lashed in, not leas 
than 14ft. in length, and classes D and F of schooners and H of 
single-masted vessels and yawls a boat as above not less than 13ft. in 
length. 
ROLE VII. / 
Sec. 1. Add at the end of the third line after the words "kept on 
boardj" to read: All yachts, except in classes A of schooners and G 
of single-masted vessels and yawls shall keep their galley and fore- 
castle fixtures and fittings on board and in their proper places. 
RULE VIII.— CREW. 
To read: The number of men permitted on a yacht during a race 
shall not exceed that given by the following table: 
Schooners —01 iss A: 1 man to every 2ft. of B. L. or fraction 
thereof. Class B, 95ft. R. L , 35 men. Class C, 85ft. R. L., 30 men. 
Class D, 75tt. B L , 25 men. Class F, OMt. B L., SO men. 
Single-masted Vessels and Yawls.— Class G, 3 men to every 5ft. of 
R. L or fraction thereof. Class H, 70ft.' R. L , 20 men. Class J, 60ft. 
B. L , 15 men. Class K, 5Ift. R. L , 12 men. Class L, 43ft. R. L , 9 men. 
Class M, 36ft. R. L., 7 men.' 
RULE IX. 
Sec. 3. On the second line, after the words "and display her" to 
read, racing number above the reef points at an equal distance from 
the luff and leach on both sides of the mainsail. 
RULE XVII. 
Sec. 3. To read: If a yacht, after having been ofQeially measured, 
makes changes in her trim, causing' an increase of l.w.l., or makes 
alterations in her sail plan, should enter a race without remeasure- 
ment or notifying the regatta committee in writing that alterations 
have been made, and a request for remeasuremeni, she shall be dis- 
qualified. 
Change Sec. 3 to Sec. 4, and the fourth word of said section to read 
"shall" instead of "may." 
Page 163, under table of time allowance, on the eighth line change 
the words 50 per cent, to read 60 per cent. , and the table of time allow- 
ance to be changed in accordanea therewith. 
YACHTING NEWS NOTES. 
The new consolidated firms of.Qas Engine and Power Company and 
Charles L. Seabury & Oompiny, Morris Heigbts, N. Y , have up to 
the present date the following contracts in hand: Steel steam yacht 
ff - Charles Fleischmann, 170ft, long, 138ft. l.w.l , 21ft. beam, 8tt. draft, 
with a "Seabury" triple expansion marine engine of naost approveci 
