50. Genus BRYUM, Hooh. & Tayl. 
Whole Plant — Perennial, growing in dense tnfts on the ground, on walls, on the roofs of buildings, having terminal fruit, 
and varying from a light yellowish-green colour to the darkest shade of green or purple, from ^ an inch to 3 inches 
in height. 
Stem— Simple or branched, beset with radicles. 
Leaves — Lanceolate, ovate, concave, entire or serrated on the margin, semiplexicaule, usually in eight rows ; nerve ceasing 
below the apex, or reaching beyond areolation, rhomboid. 
Infloeescence — Monoicons, dioicous, or synoicous. 
Barren Floiuer (Antheridia) — Gemmiform. 
Fertile Flower (Aechegonia) — Paraphyses, filiform. 
Vaginula — Ovate or oblong. 
Capsule — Presents a variety of forms and length, clavate, pyriform, oblong or ovate, pendulous, inclined, or 
erect, generally on a long seta, prevailing colour yellowish-brown. 
Calyptra — Cucullate, fugacious, small. ^ 
Operculum — Pointed, convex, rostellate. 
Peristome — Double, with 16 outer, equidistant, lanceolate, dark red teeth, having an external medial line and 
transverse bars ; inner teeth alternate, divided into 16 processes, which are carinate. 
Annulus — Simple, or compound, in some species absent. 
Spores — Small, irregularly shaped, green or yellow or reddish-brown. 
General Habitat — On the ground, in crevices of rocks, on walls, the roofs of buildings, sandy and turfy heaths. Fruit : — 
Summer, autumn, and winter. 
Species Illustrated — Bryum Capillare (Hedw.), and B. Wahlenbergii, B. Warneum, B. elongatum, B. argenteum, B. 
roseum, and B. Tozeri in part. 
Reference to Plate — a, Plant, natural size, Bryum Capillare; h, Leaf, X 2-in. ; c, Apex of leaf, X i-in. ; d. Basal cells, X 
4-in. ; e, Mid-leaf cells, X i-in. ; /, Capsule, X 1-in. ; //, Peristome, X 1-in. ; g, Operculum, X 2-in- ; 
ee, Vaginula, X 1-in.; i, Leaf, h, Capsule, B. Wahlenbergii; ii, Leaf, hh, Capsule, B. Warneum; T^i 
Leaf, fefe. Capsule, B. elongatum ; m. Leaf , mm. Capsule, B. argenteum ; n, Leaf, nn, Capsule, B. roseum; 
0, Leaf, B. Tozeri — all X 2-ia. — vide Synopsis specierum, Hobk., pp. 106. 
This genus is represented in Britain by forty-six species, according to Hobkirk ; Wilson enumerates thirty-three 
species. 
51. Gen PS MNIUM, BrucL & Sch. 
Whole Plant — Perennial, conspicuous plants on account of their elegance and size, gregarious or csespitose, usually erect, 
mostly growing on the ground in shaded places, from 1 inch to 6 inches in height, varying in colour. 
Stem — Decumbent or erect, with more or less prostrate branches, rootiag at the base. 
Leaves — Very variable, both in shape and arrangement, often large, ligulate, lanceolate, or roundish, spinose or entire ; 
nerve reaching to or beyond the apex of the leaf ; areolae large, hexagonal. 
iNrLOEESCENCE — Dioicous Or synoicous. 
Ba/rren Flower (Antheeidia) — Numerous, discoid, paraphyses clavate. 
Fertile Flower (Aechegonia) — Paraphyses filiform. 
Vaginula — 
Capsule — On a long fruit stalk, pendulous, oblong or oval, colour chestnut brown. 
Calyptra — Cucullate, small. 
Operculum — Convex, rostrate, and long, or short and obtuse. 
Peristome — Double, having 16 outer lanceolate, tapering teeth, with prominent transverse cross-bars ; inner 
peristome composed of 16 orange coloured teeth. 
Annulus — Compound. 
Spores — ^Eed-brown or green, small. 
General Habitat — On rocks, in shady woods, on banks, walls, and in marshes. Fruit : — Spring and summer. 
Species Illustrated — Mnium undulatum (Hedw.) [Bryum ligulatum (Schreb.)]. 
Reference to Plate — a, Plant, natural size ; fe. Stem leaf, slightly magnified ; 6b, Same, X 2-in. ; c. Apex of leaf, X 1-in. ; 
d, Mid-leaf and marginal cells, x 1-in. ; /, Capsule, X 2-in. ; //, Peristome, 1-in. ; g, Operculum, 2-in. 
This genus is represented in Britain by thirteen species, according to Hobkirk. 
62. Genus OINOLIDIUM, Swartz. 
Whole Plant — Perennial, closely resembling Mnium, erect, growing on bogs local and rare, from 2 inches to 4 inches in 
height, densely csespitose. 
Stem — Tufted and matted, having purple radicles. 
Leaves — Large, roundish, entire, with thick border, opaque ; areola hexagonal ; nerve reaching to the apex, colour purple, 
lower leaves distant, spreading, upper one crowded. 
Inploeescence — Synoicous. 
BarrewfZoiuer (Antheeidia) — -With clavate paraphyses. * 
Fertile Floiver (Aechegonia) — 
Vaginula — Oblong. 
Capsule — Pyriform, pendulous, with a distinct neck or apophysis, colour light brown. 
Calyptra — Cucullate, small. 
Operculum — Convex, obtuse. 
Peristome — Double, vnth 16 outer teeth, obtuse and short ; inner peristome intermediate, membranous, 16 in 
in number. 
Annulus — Small. 
Spores— Large. 
Geneeal Habitat — Bogs, rare in Britain and local. Fruit : — June, July. 
Species Illusteated — Cinclidium Stigiam (Swartz.). 
Reference to Plate — a, Plant, natural size ; b, Branch leaves, X 2-in. ; bb, Stem leaves, X 2-in. ; c. Apex of leaf, X ^-in. ; 
d, cells, of mid-leaf and margin, Xi-in-; f, Capsule, X 2-in.; //, Peristome, X 1-in. 
17 
