57. Genus FUNARIA, Schreh. 
Whole Plant — Sub-biennial, growing on the ground somewhat csespitose, erect; fruit drooping, from 1-inch to 2-iuches in 
height. 
Stem — Simple, sometimes branched, short. 
Leaves — Orate, or obovate-acuminate, texture thin, cellules large, hexagonal at the apex, quadrate at the base, succulent. 
Nerve ceasing below the apex, upper leaves crowded, lower ones distant. 
Inflokescrnce — Monoicous. 
Barren Mower (Anxheeidia) — Discoid, numerous. 
Fertile Floiver (Aiichegonia) — Few. 
Vaginula — Oblong. 
Capstile — Pyriform, solitary, of thick texture, mouth comparatively small, neck tapering into the curved fruit 
stalk ; colour when young a delicate bright green, as it matures it becomes a rich brown. 
Calyptra — Inflated below, cylindrical above, smooth. 
Operculum — Conical, obtuse. 
Peristome — Double, having 16 oblique outer teeth, lanceolate, with prominent trabeculse connected at the 
apices. It is a very beautiful object for the microscope. 
Annvlus — Large and conspicuous. 
Spores — Large, orange-red, punctulate. 
General Habitat — On calcareous soil, or limestone banks, and walls. Fruit; — April, May. 
Species Illusteated — Funaria hygrometrica (Hedw.). 
Reference to Plate — a, Plant, natural size ; aa, Young plant natural size ; h, Stem leaf, X 2-in. ; c. Operculum, X 1-in.; d, 
Basal cells, X i-in. ; e, Apical cells, X ^-in. ; ee, Annulus, X j-in. ; /, Capsule, X 2-in. ; ff, Yomig capsule 
with calyptra, X 2-in. ; g, Teeth of peristome, X 1 -in. ; h, Spores, X i-in. 
This genus is represented in Britain by four species. 
58. Genus ENTOSTHODON, Schwaegr. 
Whole Plant — Sub-biennial, greatly resembling Funaria in general character and habit, erect, CDOspitose, growing on the 
soil from j-inch to 1-inch in height. 
Stem — Short, bearing terminal fruit. 
Leaves — Obovate-acuminate, texture thin, areolation large oblong, cellules succulent, nerve loosely cellular, ceasing below 
the apex ; colour light green. 
iNrLOEESCENCE MonoicOUS. 
Barren Floiver (Antheridia) — Paraphyses clavate. 
Fertile Flower (Archegonia) — Few without paraphyses. 
Vaginula — Ovate. 
CapsMZe— Erect, pyriform ; mouth constricted. 
Calyptra, — Cucullate. 
Operculum — Convex, obtuse. 
Peristome — Single, with 16 simple oblique lanceolate teeth, transversely barred, inserted below the orifice of the 
capsule. 
Annulus — None. 
Spores — Moderate size, yellowish. 
General Habitat — On moist banks and crevices of rocks. Fruit July. 
Species Illustrated — Entosthodon Templetoni (Schwaegr). 
Reference to Plate — a, Plant, natural size ; 6, Stem leaf, X 1-in. ; c, Apex of leaf, X ^-in. ; cc, Same. X 4-in. ; d, Vaginula, 
X 1-in.; dd. Basal cells, X i-in. ; e, Teeth of peristome, X i-in; /, Capsules with operculum, X 2-in. ; 
g, Spores, X i-in. 
This genus is represented in Britain by two species. 
59. Genus PHYSCOMITRIUM, Bridel. 
Whole Plant — Annual, resembling Entosthodon and Gymnostonmm, erect, gregarious, growing in large patches on the 
ground, from i of an inch to f of an inch in height. 
Stem — Similar to Entosthodon. 
Leaves — Spreading, ovate or obovate-acuminate, areolation large, somewhat hexagonal at the apex, oblong at the base, 
nerve ceasing below the apex. 
Inflorescence — Monoicous. 
Barren Flower (Antheridia) — With clavate paraphyses. 
Fertile Floiver (Archegonia) — Few. 
Vaginula — Oblong. 
Capsule — Pyriform, solitary, texture thin, colour brown. 
Calyptra — Cucullate. 
Operculum — Obtuse, apiculate. 
Peristome — None. 
Annulus — Wanting.' 
Spores — Large, reniform. 
General Habitat — Moist shady banks and ditches, also on fallows and heaths. Fruit : — March, April. 
Species Illustrated — Physcomitrium ericetorum (De Notaris). 
Reference to Plate — a, Plant, natural size; aa, Same, X 2-in.; 6, Stem leaf, X 2-in.; hh, Stem leaf, X 1-in.; c, Apex of 
leaf, X i-in.; d, Basal cells, X i-in., e, Vaginula, X 1-in.; /, Capsule with Calyptra, X 2-in.; g, Oper- 
culum, X 2-in. ; h, Spores, X ^-in. 
This genus is represented in Britain by four species. 
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