29. Genus ENCALYPTA, ScTireh. 
WhoIe Plant — Perennial, erect, csespitose, varying from | inch to 2 inches in height, sometimes growing in extensive 
patches on calcareous soils, on walls, and rocks. 
Stem — Tufted, branched, erect. 
Leaves — Spreading, or erect, more or less apiculate, lanceolate, or oblong, acute or obtuse ; margin entire, jjlane, or 
reflexed ; the upper part and middle of the areolae are small, round ; basal cells large and diaphanous ; nerve 
strong. 
Inploeescence — Monoicous and dioicous. 
Barren Flower (Antheeidia) — Oblong, with long paraphyses. 
Fertile Flower (Akchegojstia) — With filiform paraphyses, few. 
Vaginula — Oblong, of a purple colour. 
Capsule — Erect, on a moderately long seta, striated on some species, smooth in others, cylindrical or oblong. 
Calyptra — Large, covering the capsule, with long beak, entire or fringed, smooth or rough, persistent. 
Operculum — Conical beak, rostrate. 
Peristovie — Present in some species, in others absent, with 16 erect, lanceolate, or filiform teeth- 
Annulus — Simple, persistent. 
Spores — Variable in size and appearance, smooth or granular. 
General Habitat — On rocks and walls on a calcareous soil, especially in the mountainous parts of England, Wales, Scot- 
land, and Ireland. Fruit : — March, July, and August. 
Species Illustrated — Enoalypta vulgaris (Hedw.) and E. Ehabdocarpa (Schw.)'inpart. 
Reference to Plate — a. Plant, natural size, E. vuJga/ris : aa, Same, X 2-in. ; b. Stem leaf, X 1-in. ; Vb, Same, x 2-in. ; c, 
Basal cells, X 4-in.; /, Capsule, X 2-in.; / /, Calyptra, X 2-in.; g, Operculum, X 2-in. ab. Plant, 
natural size, E. Bhahdocarpia ; i/g. Capsule of same, X 2-in. ; 7i, Front view of stem leaf , X2-in. ; hh, 
Back view of same, X 2-in, ; i, Spores, X i-in. 
This genus is represented in Britain by five species. 
30. Genus HEDWIGIA, MrL 
Whole Plant — Perennial, growing in large patches, from 1 inch to 4 inches in height, erect, leafless near the root. 
Stem — Irregularly and diohotomously branched. . 
Leaves — Firm, crowded, spreading, ovato-lanceolate, concave, erect; margin recurved, at the base diaphanous ; the apex, 
which is variable in length, strongly toothed, nerveless ; areolas quadrate, small in the middle and upper part ; 
lower and basal cells elongated. Perichwtial leaves — Erect, toothed on both sides. 
Infloeescence — Monoicous. 
Barren Flower (Antheeidia) — Numerous, axillary. 
Fertile Flower (Aechegonia) — Terminal, few, with rudimentary paraphyses. 
Vaginula — Small. 
Capsule — Globose, subsessile, immersed, reddish or reddish-brown. 
Calyptra — Conical, small, smooth. 
Operculum — Obtuse, plano-convex. 
Peristome — Wanting. 
Annulus — None. 
Spores — Small. 
Geneeal Habitat — In mountainous situations, on the face of exposed rocks in Wales and Scotland. Fruit : — March. 
Species Illustrated — Hedwigia ciliata (Hedw.) and Aneetangium ciliatum (H. & T.). 
Reference to Plate — a, Plant, slightly magnified; aa, Same, X 2-ia. ; h, Stem-leaf, X 2-in. ; 66, Periohastial leaves, X 2-in. ; 
c. Apex of same, X i-in. ; cc, Apex of stem leaf, X i-in. ; d, Basal cells of PerichsBtial leaf, X i-in. ; 
e. Cellules of mid-leaf of same, X i-in. ; /, Capsule, X 1-in. ; //, operculum, X 1-in. ; g, Cellules of 
stem mid -leaf, X i-in. ; gg, Basal cells of stem leaf, X i-in. ; h, ditto, X i-in.; i, Spores, X ^-in. 
This genus is represented in Britain by the species figured. 
31. Genus HEDWIGIDIUM, Br. & ScL 
Whole Plant — Perennial, very similar in appearance to Hedwigia, and growing in extensive greenish patches on the face 
of rocks, varying from 1 inch to 3 iuohes in height. 
Stem — Irregularly branched, slender, flagell.iferous, very rarely dichotomous, stoloniferous. 
Leaves — Spreading, crowded, plicate, when dry closely imbricated, concave; margin somewhat recurved, ovato-lanceolate, 
acuminate, the apex crenulated ; areolce elongated ; basal cells more elongated. 
Infloeescence — Monoicous. 
Ban-en Flower (Antheeidia)— Numerous, terminal. 
Fertile Flower (Aechegonia). 
Vaginula — Small and obscure. 
Capsule — Obovate or spherical, on a short fruit stalk, about its own length, solitary, exserted, reddish-brown. 
Calyptra — Cucullate, smooth, reddish. 
Operculum — Conical, with a slightly oblique beak. 
Peristome — Wanting. 
Annulus — None. 
Spores — Small. 
Geneeal Habitat — On rooks, in Ireland and Wales. Fruit : — October and November. 
Species Illustrated — Hedwigidium imberbe (Bruch. & Sch.), Ansetangium imberbe (H. & T.), partly. 
Reference to Plate — a, Plant, natural size ; aa, Part of branch of same, X 2-in. ; 6, Branch leaves, X 2-in. ; 66, Stem leaf, 
X 1-in. ; d. Cellules of mid-leaf, X ^-in. ; e. Basal cells, X i-in. ; /, Capsule, X 2-ia. ; //, Operculum, 
X 2-in. ; g, Vaginula, X 2-in. ; h, Perichsetial leaf, X 2-in. 
This genus is represented in Britain by the species figured. 
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