14. Genus ARCTOA, Bruch & Sch. 
Whole Plant — Perennial, small, J to 1 inch, in height. 
Stems— Densely tufted. 
Leaves — Crowded, rather secund, sometimes falcate, lanceolate, setaceous, rigid, glossy, varying from green to reddish- 
brown ; nerve strong and thick. Perichcstial leaves — large and sheathing. 
iNrLOKESCENCE — Monoicous, terminal. • 
Barren Flowers (Antheeidia) — Gemmiform. 
Fertile Flowers (Archegonia) — Terminal. 
Vaginula — Oblong. 
Capsule — Usnally erect, rather terminal ; 8 furrowed when dry. 
Calyptra — Inflated, cucullate. 
Operculum — Obliquely rostrate, large. 
Peristome — Teeth 16, usually cleft, sometimes trifid, deep red, subulate. 
Annulus — Simple. 
Spores — Small, reddish-brown. 
General Habitat — Crevices of rocks in northern regions only. Fruit : — July. 
Species Illustrated — Arctoa fulvella (Br. & Sch.), Dicranum fulvellum (Hook & Tayl.), 
Reference to Plate — a, Plant, natural size ; aa, Same, X 2-in. ; h, Stem leaf, X 1-in. ; t, Apex of same, X ^-in. ; cc, Bagal cells 
of same, X :^-in. ; d, Cellules of mid-leaf, X ?-in. ; /, Capsule, x 1-in. ; //, Teeth of peristome, X i-in- ; 
g, Calyptra, X 2-in. 
This genus is represented in Britain by the species figured. 
15. Genus CYNODONTIUM, Bruch & Sch. 
Whole Plant — Erect, perennial. 
Stems — Csespitose, elongate, branched. 
Leaves — Lanceolate, subulate ; margins slightly reflexed, remotely denticulate ; areolae quadrate — larger at the base. 
Inflorescenc e — Monoicous . 
Barren Flowers (Anthe.eidia) — Gemmiform. 
Fertile Flowers (Archegonia) — 3 leaved. 
Vaginula — Cylindrical. 
Capsule — Erect, ovate, on an erect fruit stalk, smooth. 
Calyptra — Large, cucullate. 
Operculum — Obliquely rostrate. 
Peristome — Single, teeth 16, lanceolate, irregular, confluent, bright red, barred, fragile. 
Annulus — Simple, breaking off. 
Spores — Moderate size. 
General Habitat — On rocks in hilly districts. Fruit : — June. 
Species Illustrated — Cynodontium Brantoni (Br. & Sch.), Didjrmodon Bruntoni ? (Hook & Tayl.). 
Reference to Plate — a, Plant, natural size; aa, Same, X 2-in.; 6, Stem leaf, X 2-in.; ih, Same, X l-in.; c. Apex of leaf, 
X ¥-in. ; cc, Basal cells of same, x i-in. ; e. Young capsule and calyptra, X 2-in. ; /, Capsule and oper- 
culum, X 2-in. ; li, Calyptra, X l-in- 
This genus is represented in Britain by the species figured. " An ambiguous genus " (Wilson). 
16. Genus DICRANUM, Hedwig. 
Whole Plant — Perennial, tall, from 2 to 6 inches in height, erect, in matted patches. 
Stems — ^Varying from j to several inches, forming more or less dense tufts, frequently matted together with numerous red 
radicles. 
Leaves— Usually crowded, and of close texture, sometimes spreading, secund, lanceolate, subulate, in 6 to 8 rows; nerve 
narrow, either projecting beyond the apex or ceasing below; areolation dot-like, or elongated, narrow, small, basal 
cells larger, quadrate. Perichcstial leaves — larger and closely sheathed. 
INrLOKESCENCE — Both monoicous and diocous, terminal. 
Barren Flower (Antheridia)— Gemmiform ; paraphyses filiform. 
Fertile Flower (Archegonia) — Styles long. 
Vaginula — Cylindrical. 
Capsule — Erect, or cernuous, gibbous, ovate, or oblong, often strumose, the neck in some species tapering 
gradually into the erect seta. 
Calyptra — Beak long, reaching half way down the capsule. 
Operculum — Eostrate, oblique, with slender beak. 
Peristome — Single, with 16 equidistant teeth, cloven half way, with transverse bars, usually red. 
Annulus — Consisting of 2 or 3 rows of cellules. 
Spores — Muriculate (in the species figured), colour' reddish. 
General Habitat — On rocks, on the ground, or on trunks of trees. Fruit : - June to December. 
Species Illustrated — Dicranum Scoparium (Hedw.). 
Reference to Plate — a. Plant, natural size ; aa. Same, slightly magnified ; b, Stem leaves, X 2-in. ; hb, Perichastial leaf, X 2-in. ; 
c. Apex of leaf, X i-in. ; cc, Basal cells of leaf, i-in. ; d, Cellules of mid-leaf, X i-in. ; /, Capsule, X 2-in. ; 
//, Teeth of peristome, X i-in. ; g. Operculum, x 2-in.; h, Calyptra, X 2-in.; i, Spores, X ?-in. 
This genus is represented in Britain by 28 species, according to Hobkirk. 
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