41 
lar remains near his house at Wangen, and accordingly, in the 
autumn of 1856, he began to collect the antiquities found on the 
shore of the Untersee. He subsequently excavated and laid bare 
a considerable portion of the area occupied by the lake-dwelling, 
and was rewarded by the discovery of several things not pre- 
viously met with, such as ears of barley and woven linen cloth, 
besides a very large number of stone and bone implements. 
The lake-settlement of Wangen lies to the east of the village ; 
the piles run along the shore, now partially encroaching upon it, 
and form a parallelogram of more than seven hundred paces long 
and one hundred and twenty paces broad. 
The piles consist of the different kinds of wood growing in the 
neighbourhood — viz., oak, beech, elm, birch, fir, ash, alder, 
maple, and two kinds of willow. They are either whole stems, or 
they are trunks split into two or three parts ; and they have been 
sharpened in some cases by fire, and in others with stone 
hatchets. 
They were driven in for the most part one or more feet 
apart, so that in the space of a square rod at least twelve, 
though sometimes seventeen or twenty-one may be seen. In 
some places, however, where a firmer support was necessary, 
three or four piles are found driven in close together. The whole 
number of piles forming the substructure of this settlement is 
estimated by Herr Lohle at from 40,000 to 50,000. 
The Objects from the Pile-Dwellings of Switzerland 
ARE EXHIBITED IN CaSES A 31 TO A 33, B 26 TO B 29, 
C 19 TO C 21, and D 20 AND D 21. 
A 31. 
In this Case are some stag's horn hafts for stone hatchets : 
some of the hatchets being still in the original sockets. They are 
chiefly from Robenhausen and Wangen ; some pointed bone 
tools are also shown from the same localities. 
A great number of the stone implements found at Meilen were 
still in the original sockets, made of stag's horn. A piece of 
the antler was cut of the requisite length and thickness, in 
which a hole was worked out at one end, wide and deep enough 
to receive the upper end of the hatchet. The other end was cut 
into a four-sided tenon or plug, which fitted into the wooden 
handle. The perfect implement, complete in all three parts, 
has been found at some of the stations. See models from 
Moosseedorf and Concise, upon the top of Case H 8, the 
