43 
imperfect, and appears to have taken place in an open fire. The 
material is usually rude and coarse. Many of the vessels have 
small projections, which are pierced in such a manner that strings 
might be passed through them to serve as handles. Some of the 
vessels, also, are pierced by small holes at different levels ; it has 
been suggested that these may have been used in the preparation 
of curds, the small holes being intended to permit the escape of 
the whey. No representation of any animal or vegetable has yet 
been met with upon the pottery from the pfahlbauten. 
Nos. I to 5 are portions of grindstones for hatchets, from 
Wangen, Concise, and Moosseedorf. 
No. 6 is a mass of baked clay from Wangen, probably part of 
the wattle-work of one of the dwellings. 
D 21 
Contains the ideal restoration of a pile-dwelling, made under 
the direction of Dr. Keller (scale one-twentieth of supposed 
dimensions). Nos. 30 to 45 are fragments of pottery, chiefly 
from Wangen. Nos. 11 to 15 are bone tools; No. 16, bones 
split for the extraction of marrow; Nos. 17 and 19, gnawed 
bones; Nos. 20 and 21, bones and teeth of beaver; and No. 
22 are the bones of some bird. 
Flora of the Lake-Dwellings. 
All the cultivated plants of the pfahlbauten show a con- 
nection with the countries of the Mediterranean ; every kind 
of corn came from that quarter ; the lake-dwellers not only cul- 
tivated the same barley, but even the same variety as the inhabi- 
tants of Southern Italy. Lest it might be supposed that seeds 
and objects of later times have become mixed with those belong- 
ing to the lake- settlements, it is satisfactory to know that in 
the old seeds, the inside portions, the germ and albuminous 
part, have disappeared, and only the burnt cellular part, which 
forms the seed-shell, or pericarp, has remained. 
In Case K 4 are representations of the various cereals found 
in the lake-dwellings. 
Figs. I to 8. — Small lake-dwelling barley {Hordeum hexasti- 
chum sanctum). 
Fig. 9. — Compact six-rowed barley {H. hexastichum densum). 
Figs. 10 to 13. — Ancient Italian silver coins. The six-rowed 
barley is faithfully delineated on the most ancient coins of 
Metapontum, see Fig. lo, which represents a coin belonging to 
