19 
The " saddle-quern " is a slab of stone, the upper surface of 
which is hollowed towards the middle, from use- in grinding. 
The grain was probably parched, and then reduced to a coarse 
powder by a "runner" of stone worked by hand. 
The next advance in the form of the hand-mill is when it 
consists of two circular discs of stone, the upper rotating upon 
the lower by means of a wooden handle inserted in the top 
stone. This form of quern was *'fed" with grain through an 
aperture in the centre of the upper stone, the meal passing out 
between the margins of the stones. The upper stone was 
usually concave, and the lower convex, to prevent sliding off, and 
also to give a fall to the meal. — See H 6, No. 3, which is part of 
a quern of this kind from the Highfield pits. 
The pot-quern" is of more complex construction. It con- 
sists of a hollowed stone basin, with a smaller circular stone 
fitting into it. The smaller stone was made to revolve, and the 
meal escaped through a hole made at the side of the outer stone. 
— See H 7, No. 2, from Ireland. 
Nos. 7 and 8 are fragments of querns from the Highfield pits. 
No. 9 is a rude pestle which has been used for bruising the grain. 
Nos. 4, 5, and 6, are shed antlers of red-deer, portions of 
which have been sawed off, doubtless for the purpose of being- 
converted into tools, or handles for tools. 
B 17. 
.Tablets 1, 2, 5, and 6 exhibit a series of pointed bone tools, 
Some of which show signs of wear, as if they had been used for 
boring.— (See a, by and r, tablet i.) 
Upon tablet 4 are three bone dart-heads. Similar objects, 
attached to the original shafts, in recent use by the Melanesians, 
are placed in Case E 4, Nos. 19, 20, 22, and 23, and in trophy 
H 13. 
Bone tools are shown on tablet 7. 
On tablet 8 is a hook made from the hinge of the jaw of Bos 
longifrons. 
On tablet 9 are a bone ring, a portion of a bone needle with 
drilled eye, and other objects. 
On tablets 10 and 11 are bone and horn (red-deer's antler) 
combs, the teeth of which have been broken off. These imple- 
ments closely resemble some in recent use by the Esquimaux 
for scraping fat, &c., from the backs of skins. The Esquimaux 
tools are made of wood, with the sharp claws of birds lashed to 
them. 
c 2 
