ii6 
others, has not formed part of a pipe. The material is a 
compact yellow limestone, very much altered by fire. 
No. II, J13, is made of the same variety of stone as No. lo. 
The features of this head are more regular than those of 
either of the preceding examples. The nose turns up slightly 
at the point, and the lips are prominent. The eyes seem 
closed, and the whole expression of the face is that of repose, 
perhaps of death. The head-dress is simple ; and the ears, 
which are large, are each perforated with four small holes 
around their upper edges. At the lower and posterior portion 
of the head two holes are drilled, in convergent directions, 
each one-fifth of an inch in diameter, and half an inch in depth ; 
were they continued one-fourth of an inch further in the same 
direction they would intersect each other. The head is desti- 
tute of markings upon the face. It has been suggested, from 
the greater delicacy of the features, that this specimen was 
intended to represent the head of a woman. 
No. 12, ii. This is evidently intended to represent the head 
of a woman. It is carved from a compact stone, which is much 
altered by the action of fire. The muscles of the face are faith- 
fully rendered, and the forehead is finely moulded. The eyes 
are prominent and open, and the lips are full and rounded. 
Whether the head is encased in a sort of hood, or whether the 
hair is platted across the forehead and down the sides of the 
face, it is not easy to determine. The knobs at the top of the 
forehead and at the back of the ears may be either intended to 
represent the manner in which the hair was gathered or wound, 
or they may be ornaments attached to a head-dress. 
These heads are valuable, as being the only examples ob- 
tained from the Ohio mounds. Upwards of a hundred minia- 
ture sculptures of animals were found associated with them, 
and the fidelity to nature observed in the latter fully warrants 
us in believing that the sculptures of the human heads are 
equally true to nature, and that they display, not only the 
characteristic features of the ancient mound-builders, but 
also their method of dressing the hair, the style of their head- 
dresses, and the character and mode of wearing some of 
their ornaments. 
The markings upon the laces of two of these sculptures may 
be intended to represent lines of paint or some description of 
tattooing. We know that, among the North American tribes, 
the Custom of painting the face with various colours, and of 
ornamenting it with fantastic figures, was widespread and 
